001/* 002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 003 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with 004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. 005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with 007 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 008 * 009 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 010 * 011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 015 * limitations under the License. 016 */ 017package org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.routines; 018 019import java.net.IDN; 020import java.util.Arrays; 021import java.util.Locale; 022 023import org.openstreetmap.josm.tools.Logging; 024 025/** 026 * <p><b>Domain name</b> validation routines.</p> 027 * 028 * <p> 029 * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names 030 * and top-level domains. 031 * </p> 032 * 033 * <p>Domain names are evaluated according 034 * to the standards <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>, 035 * section 3, and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>, 036 * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of 037 * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example, 038 * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the 039 * same name would have passed. 040 * </p> 041 * 042 * <p> 043 * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and 044 * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA): 045 * </p> 046 * 047 * <ul> 048 * <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs 049 * (<code>.arpa</code>, etc.)</li> 050 * <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs 051 * (<code>.com, .org</code>, etc.)</li> 052 * <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs 053 * (<code>.us, .uk, .cn</code>, etc.)</li> 054 * </ul> 055 * 056 * <p> 057 * (<b>NOTE</b>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or 058 * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see 059 * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.) 060 * </p> 061 * 062 * @version $Revision: 1740822 $ 063 * @since Validator 1.4 064 */ 065public final class DomainValidator extends AbstractValidator { 066 067 private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253; 068 069 private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0]; 070 071 // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123) 072 073 // RFC2396: domainlabel = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum 074 // Max 63 characters 075 private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?"; 076 077 // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum 078 // Max 63 characters 079 private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?"; 080 081 // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ] 082 // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas 083 // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present. 084 // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex) 085 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit 086 private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX = 087 "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+" + "(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$"; 088 089 private final boolean allowLocal; 090 091 /** 092 * Singleton instance of this validator, which 093 * doesn't consider local addresses as valid. 094 */ 095 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false); 096 097 /** 098 * Singleton instance of this validator, which does 099 * consider local addresses valid. 100 */ 101 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true); 102 103 /** 104 * RegexValidator for matching domains. 105 */ 106 private final RegexValidator domainRegex = 107 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX); 108 /** 109 * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname 110 */ 111 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit 112 private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex = 113 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX); 114 115 /** 116 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator. It 117 * will not consider local addresses as valid. 118 * @return the singleton instance of this validator 119 */ 120 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() { 121 inUse = true; 122 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR; 123 } 124 125 /** 126 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator, 127 * with local validation as required. 128 * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid? 129 * @return the singleton instance of this validator 130 */ 131 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(boolean allowLocal) { 132 inUse = true; 133 if (allowLocal) { 134 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL; 135 } 136 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR; 137 } 138 139 /** 140 * Private constructor. 141 * @param allowLocal whether to allow local domains 142 */ 143 private DomainValidator(boolean allowLocal) { 144 this.allowLocal = allowLocal; 145 } 146 147 /** 148 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> parses 149 * as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain. 150 * The parsing is case-insensitive. 151 * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax 152 * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name 153 */ 154 @Override 155 public boolean isValid(String domain) { 156 if (domain == null) { 157 return false; 158 } 159 String asciiDomain = unicodeToASCII(domain); 160 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode 161 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode 162 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII 163 // checks in the regexes below 164 if (asciiDomain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) { 165 return false; 166 } 167 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(asciiDomain); 168 if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) { 169 return isValidTld(groups[0]); 170 } 171 return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(asciiDomain); 172 } 173 174 @Override 175 public String getValidatorName() { 176 return null; 177 } 178 179 // package protected for unit test access 180 // must agree with isValid() above 181 boolean isValidDomainSyntax(String domain) { 182 if (domain == null) { 183 return false; 184 } 185 String asciiDomain = unicodeToASCII(domain); 186 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode 187 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode 188 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII 189 // checks in the regexes below 190 if (asciiDomain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) { 191 return false; 192 } 193 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(asciiDomain); 194 return (groups != null && groups.length > 0) 195 || hostnameRegex.isValid(asciiDomain); 196 } 197 198 /** 199 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 200 * IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present. 201 * The search is case-insensitive. 202 * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null 203 * @return true if the parameter is a TLD 204 */ 205 public boolean isValidTld(String tld) { 206 String asciiTld = unicodeToASCII(tld); 207 if (allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(asciiTld)) { 208 return true; 209 } 210 return isValidInfrastructureTld(asciiTld) 211 || isValidGenericTld(asciiTld) 212 || isValidCountryCodeTld(asciiTld); 213 } 214 215 /** 216 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 217 * IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are 218 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 219 * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null 220 * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD 221 */ 222 public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(String iTld) { 223 if (iTld == null) return false; 224 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 225 return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key); 226 } 227 228 /** 229 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 230 * IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored 231 * if present. The search is case-insensitive. 232 * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null 233 * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD 234 */ 235 public boolean isValidGenericTld(String gTld) { 236 if (gTld == null) return false; 237 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 238 return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(genericTLDsPlus, key)) 239 && !arrayContains(genericTLDsMinus, key); 240 } 241 242 /** 243 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 244 * IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are 245 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 246 * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null 247 * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD 248 */ 249 public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(String ccTld) { 250 if (ccTld == null) return false; 251 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 252 return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsPlus, key)) 253 && !arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsMinus, key); 254 } 255 256 /** 257 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 258 * widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are 259 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 260 * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null 261 * @return true if the parameter is an local TLD 262 */ 263 public boolean isValidLocalTld(String lTld) { 264 if (lTld == null) return false; 265 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 266 return arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key); 267 } 268 269 private static String chompLeadingDot(String str) { 270 if (str.startsWith(".")) { 271 return str.substring(1); 272 } 273 return str; 274 } 275 276 // --------------------------------------------- 277 // ----- TLDs defined by IANA 278 // ----- Authoritative and comprehensive list at: 279 // ----- http://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt 280 281 // Note that the above list is in UPPER case. 282 // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below) 283 284 // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db 285 // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in 286 // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column 287 // For example (as of 2015-01-02): 288 // .bl country-code Not assigned 289 // .um country-code Not assigned 290 291 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 292 private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = new String[] { 293 "arpa", // internet infrastructure 294 }; 295 296 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 297 private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = new String[] { 298 // Taken from Version 2019020200, Last Updated Sat Feb 2 07:07:01 2019 UTCs 299 "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc. 300 "aarp", // aarp AARP 301 "abarth", // abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 302 "abb", // abb ABB Ltd 303 "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc. 304 "abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc. 305 "abc", // abc Disney Enterprises, Inc. 306 "able", // able Able Inc. 307 "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 308 "abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre 309 "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC 310 "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc 311 "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited 312 "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC 313 "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG 314 "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd. 315 "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC) 316 "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc. 317 "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC 318 "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux 319 "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA) 320 "aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company 321 "afamilycompany", // afamilycompany Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 322 "afl", // afl Australian Football League 323 "africa", // africa ZA Central Registry NPC trading as Registry.Africa 324 "agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 325 "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC 326 "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc. 327 "aigo", // aigo aigo Digital Technology Co,Ltd. 328 "airbus", // airbus Airbus S.A.S. 329 "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd. 330 "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited 331 "akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 332 "alfaromeo", // alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 333 "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited 334 "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited 335 "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft 336 "allstate", // allstate Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company 337 "ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc. 338 "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE 339 "alstom", // alstom ALSTOM 340 "americanexpress", // americanexpress American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 341 "americanfamily", // americanfamily AmFam, Inc. 342 "amex", // amex American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 343 "amfam", // amfam AmFam, Inc. 344 "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company 345 "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam 346 "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC 347 "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc. 348 "anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 349 "anz", // anz Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited 350 "aol", // aol AOL Inc. 351 "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC 352 "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc. 353 "apple", // apple Apple Inc. 354 "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com 355 "arab", // arab League of Arab States 356 "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company 357 "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED 358 "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd. 359 "art", // art UK Creative Ideas Limited 360 "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E. 361 "asda", // asda Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 362 "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd. 363 "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC 364 "athleta", // athleta The Gap, Inc. 365 "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd 366 "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd. 367 "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft 368 "audible", // audible Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 369 "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp. 370 "auspost", // auspost Australian Postal Corporation 371 "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 372 "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp. 373 "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC 374 "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca 375 "aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 376 "axa", // axa AXA SA 377 "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation 378 "baby", // baby Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. 379 "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc. 380 "banamex", // banamex Citigroup Inc. 381 "bananarepublic", // bananarepublic The Gap, Inc. 382 "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd 383 "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC 384 "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable 385 "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona 386 "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC 387 "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC 388 "barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc. 389 "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC 390 "baseball", // baseball MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC 391 "basketball", // basketball Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA) 392 "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH 393 "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH 394 "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation 395 "bbt", // bbt BB&T Corporation 396 "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A. 397 "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc. 398 "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona 399 "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC 400 "beauty", // beauty L'Oréal 401 "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 402 "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited 403 "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH & Co. KG 404 "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd 405 "bestbuy", // bestbuy BBY Solutions, Inc. 406 "bet", // bet Afilias plc 407 "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited 408 "bible", // bible American Bible Society 409 "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited 410 "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC 411 "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation 412 "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC 413 "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED 414 "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc. 415 "black", // black Afilias Limited 416 "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp. 417 "blockbuster", // blockbuster Dish DBS Corporation 418 "blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC 419 "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC 420 "blue", // blue Afilias Limited 421 "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company 422 "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft 423 "bnl", // bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro 424 "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas 425 "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC 426 "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH 427 "bofa", // bofa NMS Services, Inc. 428 "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br 429 "bond", // bond Bond University Limited 430 "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc. 431 "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 432 "booking", // booking Booking.com B.V. 433 "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH 434 "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA 435 "boston", // boston Boston TLD Management, LLC 436 "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 437 "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC 438 "box", // box NS1 Limited 439 "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A. 440 "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation 441 "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc. 442 "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD 443 "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd. 444 "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw 445 "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 446 "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA 447 "build", // build Plan Bee LLC 448 "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC 449 "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC 450 "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC 451 "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO. 452 "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh 453 "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC 454 "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC 455 "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc. 456 "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 457 "calvinklein", // calvinklein PVH gTLD Holdings LLC 458 "cam", // cam AC Webconnecting Holding B.V. 459 "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC 460 "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC 461 "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation 462 "canon", // canon Canon Inc. 463 "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 464 "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC 465 "capitalone", // capitalone Capital One Financial Corporation 466 "car", // car Cars Registry Limited 467 "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc. 468 "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC 469 "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC 470 "career", // career dotCareer LLC 471 "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC 472 "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp. 473 "cartier", // cartier Richemont DNS Inc. 474 "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 475 "case", // case CNH Industrial N.V. 476 "caseih", // caseih CNH Industrial N.V. 477 "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC 478 "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC 479 "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT 480 "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC 481 "catholic", // catholic Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 482 "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 483 "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc. 484 "cbre", // cbre CBRE, Inc. 485 "cbs", // cbs CBS Domains Inc. 486 "ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company 487 "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC 488 "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd 489 "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research ("CERN") 490 "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute 491 "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD 492 "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V. 493 "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc. 494 "charity", // charity Corn Lake, LLC 495 "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase & Co. 496 "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC 497 "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC 498 "chintai", // chintai CHINTAI Corporation 499 "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp. 500 "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc. 501 "chrysler", // chrysler FCA US LLC. 502 "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC 503 "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl 504 "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 505 "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc. 506 "citadel", // citadel Citadel Domain LLC 507 "citi", // citi Citigroup Inc. 508 "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation 509 "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC 510 "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 511 "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC 512 "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC 513 "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp. 514 "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC 515 "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 516 "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC 517 "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A. 518 "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC 519 "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A. 520 "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC 521 "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC 522 "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC 523 "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC 524 "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH 525 "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services 526 "comcast", // comcast Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC 527 "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 528 "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC 529 "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC 530 "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd 531 "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC 532 "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc. 533 "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC 534 "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC 535 "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD. 536 "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 537 "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC 538 "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 539 "cookingchannel", // cookingchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 540 "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC 541 "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC 542 "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse 543 "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 544 "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 545 "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC 546 "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 547 "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC 548 "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC 549 "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC 550 "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited 551 "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation 552 "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited 553 "cruise", // cruise Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. 554 "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC 555 "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc. 556 "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S. 557 "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK 558 "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. 559 "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited 560 "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc. 561 "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd. 562 "data", // data Dish DBS Corporation 563 "date", // date dot Date Limited 564 "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC 565 "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 566 "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc. 567 "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc. 568 "dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited 569 "deal", // deal Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 570 "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc. 571 "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC 572 "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd 573 "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC 574 "dell", // dell Dell Inc. 575 "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu 576 "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc. 577 "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd. 578 "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC 579 "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd 580 "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC 581 "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC 582 "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc. 583 "dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG 584 "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC 585 "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp. 586 "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC 587 "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC 588 "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC 589 "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC 590 "discover", // discover Discover Financial Services 591 "dish", // dish Dish DBS Corporation 592 "diy", // diy Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 593 "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. 594 "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc. 595 "doctor", // doctor Brice Trail, LLC 596 "dodge", // dodge FCA US LLC. 597 "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC 598 "doha", // doha Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA) 599 "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC 600 "dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation 601 "download", // download dot Support Limited 602 "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc. 603 "dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation 604 "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department 605 "duck", // duck Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 606 "dunlop", // dunlop The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company 607 "duns", // duns The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation 608 "dupont", // dupont E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company 609 "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 610 "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 611 "dvr", // dvr Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 612 "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd. 613 "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc. 614 "eco", // eco Big Room Inc. 615 "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V. 616 "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE 617 "education", // education Brice Way, LLC 618 "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC 619 "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA 620 "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC 621 "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd. 622 "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon 623 "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC 624 "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation 625 "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC 626 "ericsson", // ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson 627 "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG 628 "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc. 629 "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC 630 "esurance", // esurance Esurance Insurance Company 631 "etisalat", // etisalat Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat) 632 "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU) 633 "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa 634 "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC 635 "everbank", // everbank EverBank 636 "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC 637 "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC 638 "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC 639 "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC 640 "extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC 641 "fage", // fage Fage International S.A. 642 "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC 643 "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC 644 "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited 645 "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd. 646 "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd 647 "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited 648 "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC 649 "farmers", // farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange 650 "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 651 "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 652 "fedex", // fedex Federal Express Corporation 653 "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 654 "ferrari", // ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 655 "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 656 "fiat", // fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 657 "fidelity", // fidelity Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC 658 "fido", // fido Rogers Communications Canada Inc. 659 "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd 660 "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br 661 "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC 662 "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC 663 "fire", // fire Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 664 "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation 665 "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited 666 "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC 667 "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 668 "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited 669 "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC 670 "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. 671 "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC 672 "flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc. 673 "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC 674 "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp. 675 "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc. 676 "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc. 677 "food", // food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 678 "foodnetwork", // foodnetwork Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 679 "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC 680 "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company 681 "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD 682 "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC 683 "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC 684 "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC 685 "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC 686 "free", // free Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 687 "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH 688 "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V. 689 "frogans", // frogans OP3FT 690 "frontdoor", // frontdoor Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 691 "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation 692 "ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation 693 "fujitsu", // fujitsu Fujitsu Limited 694 "fujixerox", // fujixerox Xerox DNHC LLC 695 "fun", // fun DotSpace, Inc. 696 "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC 697 "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC 698 "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd. 699 "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC 700 "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL 701 "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC 702 "gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc. 703 "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc. 704 "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp. 705 "games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd. 706 "gap", // gap The Gap, Inc. 707 "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 708 "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc. 709 "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems" 710 "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft 711 "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA 712 "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd. 713 "george", // george Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 714 "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc. 715 "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp. 716 "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC 717 "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd. 718 "giving", // giving Giving Limited 719 "glade", // glade Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 720 "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC 721 "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc. 722 "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited 723 "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A 724 "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc. 725 "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC 726 "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc. 727 "gmx", // gmx 1&1 Mail & Media GmbH 728 "godaddy", // godaddy Go Daddy East, LLC 729 "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC 730 "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. 731 "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC 732 "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc. 733 "goodyear", // goodyear The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company 734 "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc. 735 "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc. 736 "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc. 737 "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 738 "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration) 739 "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC 740 "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC 741 "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC 742 "green", // green Afilias Limited 743 "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC 744 "grocery", // grocery Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 745 "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC 746 "guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America 747 "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a. 748 "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc. 749 "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC 750 "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp. 751 "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC 752 "hair", // hair L'Oreal 753 "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH 754 "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc. 755 "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD. 756 "hbo", // hbo HBO Registry Services, Inc. 757 "hdfc", // hdfc HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED 758 "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited 759 "health", // health DotHealth, LLC 760 "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC 761 "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp. 762 "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki 763 "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc. 764 "hermes", // hermes Hermes International 765 "hgtv", // hgtv Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 766 "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp. 767 "hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc. 768 "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd. 769 "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V. 770 "hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited 771 "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC 772 "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC 773 "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC 774 "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc. 775 "homegoods", // homegoods The TJX Companies, Inc. 776 "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC 777 "homesense", // homesense The TJX Companies, Inc. 778 "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd. 779 "honeywell", // honeywell Honeywell GTLD LLC 780 "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 781 "hospital", // hospital Ruby Pike, LLC 782 "host", // host DotHost Inc. 783 "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp. 784 "hot", // hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 785 "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL 786 "hotels", // hotels Booking.com B.V. 787 "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation 788 "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC 789 "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc. 790 "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC 791 "hughes", // hughes Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 792 "hyatt", // hyatt Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C. 793 "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company 794 "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation 795 "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 796 "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc. 797 "icu", // icu One.com A/S 798 "ieee", // ieee IEEE Global LLC 799 "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh 800 "ikano", // ikano Ikano S.A. 801 "imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 802 "imdb", // imdb Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 803 "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC 804 "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd. 805 "inc", // inc Intercap Holdings Inc. 806 "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC 807 "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 808 "info", // info Afilias Limited 809 "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc. 810 "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC 811 "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC 812 "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC 813 "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC 814 "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 815 "intel", // intel Intel Corporation 816 "international", // international Wild Way, LLC 817 "intuit", // intuit Intuit Administrative Services, Inc. 818 "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC 819 "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A. 820 "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC 821 "iselect", // iselect iSelect Ltd 822 "ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 823 "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality 824 "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S. 825 "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A. 826 "itv", // itv ITV Services Limited 827 "iveco", // iveco CNH Industrial N.V. 828 "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd 829 "java", // java Oracle Corporation 830 "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd. 831 "jcp", // jcp JCP Media, Inc. 832 "jeep", // jeep FCA US LLC. 833 "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB 834 "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC 835 "jio", // jio Affinity Names, Inc. 836 "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated 837 "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC 838 "jnj", // jnj Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. 839 "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC 840 "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 841 "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 842 "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 843 "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase & Co. 844 "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd. 845 "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp. 846 "juniper", // juniper JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC. 847 "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd. 848 "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION 849 "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited 850 "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited 851 "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited 852 "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House 853 "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION 854 "kim", // kim Afilias Limited 855 "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 856 "kindle", // kindle Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 857 "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC 858 "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED 859 "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH 860 "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd. 861 "kosher", // kosher Kosher Marketing Assets LLC 862 "kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft) 863 "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V. 864 "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology 865 "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd 866 "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited 867 "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen 868 "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D'ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA 869 "ladbrokes", // ladbrokes LADBROKES INTERNATIONAL PLC 870 "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 871 "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 872 "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER 873 "lancia", // lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 874 "lancome", // lancome L'Oréal 875 "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC 876 "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd 877 "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation 878 "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated 879 "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico 880 "latino", // latino Dish DBS Corporation 881 "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University 882 "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited 883 "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd 884 "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC 885 "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC 886 "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc 887 "lefrak", // lefrak LeFrak Organization, Inc. 888 "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC 889 "lego", // lego LEGO Juris A/S 890 "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 891 "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited 892 "liaison", // liaison Liaison Technologies, Incorporated 893 "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG 894 "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC 895 "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers 896 "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 897 "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC 898 "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 899 "lilly", // lilly Eli Lilly and Company 900 "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC 901 "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC 902 "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company 903 "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft 904 "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp. 905 "lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd 906 "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd. 907 "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 908 "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation 909 "llc", // llc Afilias plc 910 "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited 911 "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC 912 "locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation 913 "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC 914 "loft", // loft Annco, Inc. 915 "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp. 916 "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited 917 "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd. 918 "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited 919 "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP 920 "lpl", // lpl LPL Holdings, Inc. 921 "lplfinancial", // lplfinancial LPL Holdings, Inc. 922 "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC 923 "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp. 924 "lundbeck", // lundbeck H. Lundbeck A/S 925 "lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED 926 "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 927 "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC 928 "macys", // macys Macys, Inc. 929 "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid 930 "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF) 931 "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC 932 "makeup", // makeup L'Oréal 933 "man", // man MAN SE 934 "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC 935 "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L. 936 "map", // map Charleston Road Registry Inc. 937 "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd 938 "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC 939 "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD 940 "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation 941 "marshalls", // marshalls The TJX Companies, Inc. 942 "maserati", // maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. 943 "mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc. 944 "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC 945 "mckinsey", // mckinsey McKinsey Holdings, Inc. 946 "med", // med Medistry LLC 947 "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC 948 "meet", // meet Afilias Limited 949 "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria 950 "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc. 951 "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC 952 "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited 953 "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC 954 "merckmsd", // merckmsd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. 955 "metlife", // metlife MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC 956 "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 957 "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation 958 "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center 959 "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft 960 "mint", // mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc. 961 "mit", // mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology 962 "mitsubishi", // mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation 963 "mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC 964 "mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association 965 "mma", // mma MMA IARD 966 "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi 967 "mobile", // mobile Dish DBS Corporation 968 "mobily", // mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L. 969 "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd. 970 "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd. 971 "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 972 "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp. 973 "monash", // monash Monash University 974 "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC 975 "monster", // monster Monster Worldwide, Inc. 976 "mopar", // mopar FCA US LLC. 977 "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC ("Applicant") 978 "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd 979 "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) 980 "moto", // moto Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC 981 "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC 982 "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc. 983 "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC 984 "movistar", // movistar Telefónica S.A. 985 "msd", // msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. 986 "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited 987 "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited 988 "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association 989 "mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC 990 "nab", // nab National Australia Bank Limited 991 "nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc 992 "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc. 993 "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc. 994 "nationwide", // nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company 995 "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A. 996 "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd. 997 "nba", // nba NBA REGISTRY, LLC 998 "nec", // nec NEC Corporation 999 "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services 1000 "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 1001 "netflix", // netflix Netflix, Inc. 1002 "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC 1003 "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc. 1004 "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1005 "newholland", // newholland CNH Industrial N.V. 1006 "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1007 "next", // next Next plc 1008 "nextdirect", // nextdirect Next plc 1009 "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1010 "nfl", // nfl NFL Reg Ops LLC 1011 "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry 1012 "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) 1013 "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd. 1014 "nike", // nike NIKE, Inc. 1015 "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION 1016 "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1017 "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 1018 "nissay", // nissay Nippon Life Insurance Company 1019 "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation 1020 "northwesternmutual", // northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC 1021 "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation 1022 "now", // now Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1023 "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1024 "nowtv", // nowtv Starbucks (HK) Limited 1025 "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC. 1026 "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH 1027 "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION 1028 "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology & Telecommunications 1029 "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA 1030 "observer", // observer Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 1031 "off", // off Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1032 "office", // office Microsoft Corporation 1033 "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc. 1034 "olayan", // olayan Crescent Holding GmbH 1035 "olayangroup", // olayangroup Crescent Holding GmbH 1036 "oldnavy", // oldnavy The Gap, Inc. 1037 "ollo", // ollo Dish DBS Corporation 1038 "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd 1039 "one", // one One.com A/S 1040 "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry 1041 "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland 1042 "online", // online DotOnline Inc. 1043 "onyourside", // onyourside Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company 1044 "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED 1045 "open", // open American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. 1046 "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation 1047 "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited 1048 "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR) 1049 "organic", // organic Afilias Limited 1050 "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 1051 "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd. 1052 "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd. 1053 "ott", // ott Dish DBS Corporation 1054 "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS 1055 "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1056 "panasonic", // panasonic Panasonic Corporation 1057 "paris", // paris City of Paris 1058 "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1059 "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC 1060 "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC 1061 "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited 1062 "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL 1063 "pay", // pay Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1064 "pccw", // pccw PCCW Enterprises Limited 1065 "pet", // pet Afilias plc 1066 "pfizer", // pfizer Pfizer Inc. 1067 "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy 1068 "phd", // phd Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1069 "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V. 1070 "phone", // phone Dish DBS Corporation 1071 "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp. 1072 "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC 1073 "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC 1074 "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd 1075 "piaget", // piaget Richemont DNS Inc. 1076 "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp. 1077 "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A. 1078 "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC 1079 "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 1080 "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1081 "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc. 1082 "pink", // pink Afilias Limited 1083 "pioneer", // pioneer Pioneer Corporation 1084 "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC 1085 "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC 1086 "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1087 "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. 1088 "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC 1089 "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC 1090 "pnc", // pnc PNC Domain Co., LLC 1091 "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1092 "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited 1093 "politie", // politie Politie Nederland 1094 "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC 1095 "post", // post Universal Postal Union 1096 "pramerica", // pramerica Prudential Financial, Inc. 1097 "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A. 1098 "press", // press DotPress Inc. 1099 "prime", // prime Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1100 "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro 1101 "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1102 "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC 1103 "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1104 "progressive", // progressive Progressive Casualty Insurance Company 1105 "promo", // promo Afilias plc 1106 "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC 1107 "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp. 1108 "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC 1109 "pru", // pru Prudential Financial, Inc. 1110 "prudential", // prudential Prudential Financial, Inc. 1111 "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1112 "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 1113 "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc. 1114 "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc 1115 "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited 1116 "qvc", // qvc QVC, Inc. 1117 "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited 1118 "radio", // radio European Broadcasting Union (EBU) 1119 "raid", // raid Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1120 "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1121 "realestate", // realestate dotRealEstate LLC 1122 "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC 1123 "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC 1124 "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC 1125 "red", // red Afilias Limited 1126 "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd. 1127 "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC 1128 "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1129 "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC 1130 "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC 1131 "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc. 1132 "reliance", // reliance Reliance Industries Limited 1133 "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd. 1134 "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC 1135 "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC 1136 "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC 1137 "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC 1138 "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1139 "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable 1140 "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC 1141 "review", // review dot Review Limited 1142 "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd. 1143 "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH 1144 "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland 1145 "richardli", // richardli Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited 1146 "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd. 1147 "rightathome", // rightathome Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1148 "ril", // ril Reliance Industries Limited 1149 "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO 1150 "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1151 "rmit", // rmit Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology 1152 "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 1153 "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD. 1154 "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1155 "rogers", // rogers Rogers Communications Canada Inc. 1156 "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1157 "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1158 "rugby", // rugby World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited 1159 "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH & Co. KG 1160 "run", // run Snow Park, LLC 1161 "rwe", // rwe RWE AG 1162 "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc. 1163 "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH 1164 "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1165 "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC. 1166 "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc. 1167 "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1168 "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC 1169 "samsclub", // samsclub Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 1170 "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD 1171 "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB 1172 "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB 1173 "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi 1174 "sap", // sap SAP AG 1175 "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC 1176 "sas", // sas Research IP LLC 1177 "save", // save Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1178 "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S 1179 "sbi", // sbi STATE BANK OF INDIA 1180 "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION 1181 "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ) 1182 "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited ("SCB") 1183 "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG 1184 "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S. 1185 "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC 1186 "school", // school Little Galley, LLC 1187 "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC 1188 "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG 1189 "science", // science dot Science Limited 1190 "scjohnson", // scjohnson Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. 1191 "scor", // scor SCOR SE 1192 "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited 1193 "search", // search Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1194 "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal) 1195 "secure", // secure Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1196 "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC 1197 "seek", // seek Seek Limited 1198 "select", // select iSelect Ltd 1199 "sener", // sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A. 1200 "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC 1201 "ses", // ses SES 1202 "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd 1203 "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co KG 1204 "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC 1205 "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp. 1206 "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR 1207 "shangrila", // shangrila Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited 1208 "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation 1209 "shaw", // shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P. 1210 "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc 1211 "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1212 "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited 1213 "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC 1214 "shop", // shop GMO Registry, Inc. 1215 "shopping", // shopping Over Keep, LLC 1216 "shouji", // shouji QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1217 "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC 1218 "showtime", // showtime CBS Domains Inc. 1219 "shriram", // shriram Shriram Capital Ltd. 1220 "silk", // silk Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1221 "sina", // sina Sina Corporation 1222 "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC 1223 "site", // site DotSite Inc. 1224 "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED 1225 "skin", // skin L'Oréal 1226 "sky", // sky Sky International AG 1227 "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation 1228 "sling", // sling Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation 1229 "smart", // smart Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART) 1230 "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1231 "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais) 1232 "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC 1233 "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1234 "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp. 1235 "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1236 "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited 1237 "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC 1238 "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC 1239 "song", // song Amazon EU S.à r.l. 1240 "sony", // sony Sony Corporation 1241 "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1242 "space", // space DotSpace Inc. 1243 "sport", // sport Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF) 1244 "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1245 "spreadbetting", // spreadbetting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD 1246 "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp. 1247 "srt", // srt FCA US LLC. 1248 "ss", // ss National Communication Authority (NCA) 1249 "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG 1250 "staples", // staples Staples, Inc. 1251 "star", // star Star India Private Limited 1252 "starhub", // starhub StarHub Limited 1253 "statebank", // statebank STATE BANK OF INDIA 1254 "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company 1255 "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company 1256 "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company 1257 "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun 1258 "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC 1259 "store", // store DotStore Inc. 1260 "stream", // stream dot Stream Limited 1261 "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1262 "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 1263 "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC 1264 "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd. 1265 "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC 1266 "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC 1267 "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC 1268 "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1269 "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC 1270 "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION 1271 "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd 1272 "swiftcover", // swiftcover Swiftcover Insurance Services Limited 1273 "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation 1274 "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet 1275 "symantec", // symantec Symantec Corporation 1276 "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC 1277 "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited 1278 "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government 1279 "talk", // talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1280 "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited 1281 "target", // target Target Domain Holdings, LLC 1282 "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd 1283 "tatar", // tatar Limited Liability Company "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic" 1284 "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp. 1285 "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC 1286 "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC 1287 "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1288 "tdk", // tdk TDK Corporation 1289 "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC 1290 "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC 1291 "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC 1292 "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd. 1293 "telefonica", // telefonica Telefónica S.A. 1294 "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited 1295 "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC 1296 "teva", // teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited 1297 "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc. 1298 "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC 1299 "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC 1300 "tiaa", // tiaa Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America 1301 "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited 1302 "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC 1303 "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company 1304 "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC 1305 "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC 1306 "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH 1307 "tjmaxx", // tjmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1308 "tjx", // tjx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1309 "tkmaxx", // tkmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc. 1310 "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited 1311 "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC 1312 "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc. 1313 "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC 1314 "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science & Technology Co.,Ltd. 1315 "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc. 1316 "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation 1317 "total", // total Total SA 1318 "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC 1319 "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC 1320 "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 1321 "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC 1322 "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited 1323 "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD 1324 "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC 1325 "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC. 1326 "travelchannel", // travelchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 1327 "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC 1328 "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC 1329 "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc 1330 "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC 1331 "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC 1332 "tui", // tui TUI AG 1333 "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1334 "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1335 "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR & SONS PRIVATE LIMITED 1336 "ubank", // ubank National Australia Bank Limited 1337 "ubs", // ubs UBS AG 1338 "uconnect", // uconnect FCA US LLC. 1339 "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited 1340 "university", // university Little Station, LLC 1341 "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC 1342 "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA. 1343 "ups", // ups UPS Market Driver, Inc. 1344 "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC 1345 "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 1346 "vanguard", // vanguard The Vanguard Group, Inc. 1347 "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc. 1348 "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC 1349 "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc. 1350 "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH 1351 "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1352 "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC 1353 "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1354 "vig", // vig VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe 1355 "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. 1356 "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC 1357 "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC 1358 "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited 1359 "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited 1360 "visa", // visa Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited 1361 "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC 1362 "vistaprint", // vistaprint Vistaprint Limited 1363 "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company 1364 "vivo", // vivo Telefonica Brasil S.A. 1365 "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw 1366 "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1367 "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc. 1368 "volvo", // volvo Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag 1369 "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC 1370 "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp. 1371 "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC 1372 "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC 1373 "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL 1374 "wales", // wales Nominet UK 1375 "walmart", // walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 1376 "walter", // walter Sandvik AB 1377 "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited 1378 "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1379 "warman", // warman Weir Group IP Limited 1380 "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC 1381 "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc. 1382 "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC 1383 "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC 1384 "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited 1385 "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA 1386 "website", // website DotWebsite Inc. 1387 "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc. 1388 "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1389 "weibo", // weibo Sina Corporation 1390 "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited 1391 "whoswho", // whoswho Who's Who Registry 1392 "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH 1393 "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC 1394 "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited 1395 "win", // win First Registry Limited 1396 "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation 1397 "wine", // wine June Station, LLC 1398 "winners", // winners The TJX Companies, Inc. 1399 "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC 1400 "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V. 1401 "woodside", // woodside Woodside Petroleum Limited 1402 "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1403 "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC 1404 "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC 1405 "wow", // wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1406 "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc. 1407 "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC 1408 "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation 1409 "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC 1410 "xfinity", // xfinity Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC 1411 "xihuan", // xihuan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1412 "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited 1413 "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl 1414 "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1415 "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. 1416 "xn--2scrj9c", // ಭಾರತ National Internet eXchange of India 1417 "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited 1418 "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited 1419 "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED 1420 "xn--3hcrj9c", // ଭାରତ National Internet eXchange of India 1421 "xn--3oq18vl8pn36a", // 大众汽车 Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd. 1422 "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl 1423 "xn--42c2d9a", // คอม VeriSign Sarl 1424 "xn--45br5cyl", // ভাৰত National Internet eXchange of India 1425 "xn--45q11c", // 八卦 Zodiac Scorpio Limited 1426 "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment 1427 "xn--54b7fta0cc", // বাংলা Posts and Telecommunications Division 1428 "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center 1429 "xn--55qx5d", // 公司 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center) 1430 "xn--5su34j936bgsg", // 香格里拉 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited 1431 "xn--5tzm5g", // 网站 Global Website TLD Asia Limited 1432 "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited 1433 "xn--6qq986b3xl", // 我爱你 Tycoon Treasure Limited 1434 "xn--80adxhks", // москва Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) 1435 "xn--80aqecdr1a", // католик Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1436 "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association 1437 "xn--80aswg", // сайт CORE Association 1438 "xn--8y0a063a", // 联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited 1439 "xn--90ae", // бг Imena.BG Plc (NAMES.BG Plc) 1440 "xn--9dbq2a", // קום VeriSign Sarl 1441 "xn--9et52u", // 时尚 RISE VICTORY LIMITED 1442 "xn--9krt00a", // 微博 Sina Corporation 1443 "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited 1444 "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1445 "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry 1446 "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl 1447 "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1448 "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD 1449 "xn--czr694b", // 商标 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED 1450 "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC 1451 "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited 1452 "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet” 1453 "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ポイント Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1454 "xn--efvy88h", // 新闻 Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch 新华通讯社广东分社 1455 "xn--estv75g", // 工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 1456 "xn--fct429k", // 家電 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1457 "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl 1458 "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 中文网 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED 1459 "xn--fiq64b", // 中信 CITIC Group Corporation 1460 "xn--fjq720a", // 娱乐 Will Bloom, LLC 1461 "xn--flw351e", // 谷歌 Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1462 "xn--fzys8d69uvgm", // 電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited 1463 "xn--g2xx48c", // 购物 Minds + Machines Group Limited 1464 "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1465 "xn--gk3at1e", // 通販 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1466 "xn--h2breg3eve", // भारतम् National Internet eXchange of India 1467 "xn--h2brj9c8c", // भारोत National Internet eXchange of India 1468 "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited 1469 "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry 1470 "xn--imr513n", // 餐厅 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED 1471 "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center) 1472 "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl 1473 "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation 1474 "xn--jvr189m", // 食品 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1475 "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V. 1476 "xn--kpu716f", // 手表 Richemont DNS Inc. 1477 "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd 1478 "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company 1479 "xn--mgba7c0bbn0a", // العليان Crescent Holding GmbH 1480 "xn--mgbaakc7dvf", // اتصالات Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat) 1481 "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association 1482 "xn--mgbah1a3hjkrd", // موريتانيا Université de Nouakchott Al Aasriya 1483 "xn--mgbai9azgqp6j", // پاکستان National Telecommunication Corporation 1484 "xn--mgbb9fbpob", // موبايلي GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L. 1485 "xn--mgbbh1a", // بارت National Internet eXchange of India 1486 "xn--mgbca7dzdo", // ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre 1487 "xn--mgbgu82a", // ڀارت National Internet eXchange of India 1488 "xn--mgbi4ecexp", // كاثوليك Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1489 "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1490 "xn--mk1bu44c", // 닷컴 VeriSign Sarl 1491 "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd. 1492 "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd. 1493 "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House 1494 "xn--ngbrx", // عرب League of Arab States 1495 "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry 1496 "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry 1497 "xn--nyqy26a", // 健康 Stable Tone Limited 1498 "xn--otu796d", // 招聘 Dot Trademark TLD Holding Company Limited 1499 "xn--p1acf", // рус Rusnames Limited 1500 "xn--pbt977c", // 珠宝 Richemont DNS Inc. 1501 "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl 1502 "xn--q9jyb4c", // みんな Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1503 "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1504 "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited 1505 "xn--rovu88b", // 書籍 Amazon EU S.à r.l. 1506 "xn--rvc1e0am3e", // ഭാരതം National Internet eXchange of India 1507 "xn--ses554g", // 网址 KNET Co., Ltd 1508 "xn--t60b56a", // 닷넷 VeriSign Sarl 1509 "xn--tckwe", // コム VeriSign Sarl 1510 "xn--tiq49xqyj", // 天主教 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) 1511 "xn--unup4y", // 游戏 Spring Fields, LLC 1512 "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1513 "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1514 "xn--vhquv", // 企业 Dash McCook, LLC 1515 "xn--vuq861b", // 信息 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd. 1516 "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited 1517 "xn--w4rs40l", // 嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited 1518 "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. 1519 "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center 1520 "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC 1521 "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC 1522 "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC 1523 "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. 1524 "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1525 "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC 1526 "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. 1527 "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1528 "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc. 1529 "you", // you Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1530 "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1531 "yun", // yun QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1532 "zappos", // zappos Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1533 "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.) 1534 "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1535 "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1536 "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC 1537 "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich) 1538 }; 1539 1540 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1541 private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = new String[] { 1542 "ac", // Ascension Island 1543 "ad", // Andorra 1544 "ae", // United Arab Emirates 1545 "af", // Afghanistan 1546 "ag", // Antigua and Barbuda 1547 "ai", // Anguilla 1548 "al", // Albania 1549 "am", // Armenia 1550 //"an", // Netherlands Antilles (retired) 1551 "ao", // Angola 1552 "aq", // Antarctica 1553 "ar", // Argentina 1554 "as", // American Samoa 1555 "at", // Austria 1556 "au", // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands) 1557 "aw", // Aruba 1558 "ax", // Åland 1559 "az", // Azerbaijan 1560 "ba", // Bosnia and Herzegovina 1561 "bb", // Barbados 1562 "bd", // Bangladesh 1563 "be", // Belgium 1564 "bf", // Burkina Faso 1565 "bg", // Bulgaria 1566 "bh", // Bahrain 1567 "bi", // Burundi 1568 "bj", // Benin 1569 "bm", // Bermuda 1570 "bn", // Brunei Darussalam 1571 "bo", // Bolivia 1572 "br", // Brazil 1573 "bs", // Bahamas 1574 "bt", // Bhutan 1575 "bv", // Bouvet Island 1576 "bw", // Botswana 1577 "by", // Belarus 1578 "bz", // Belize 1579 "ca", // Canada 1580 "cc", // Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1581 "cd", // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) 1582 "cf", // Central African Republic 1583 "cg", // Republic of the Congo 1584 "ch", // Switzerland 1585 "ci", // Côte d'Ivoire 1586 "ck", // Cook Islands 1587 "cl", // Chile 1588 "cm", // Cameroon 1589 "cn", // China, mainland 1590 "co", // Colombia 1591 "cr", // Costa Rica 1592 "cu", // Cuba 1593 "cv", // Cape Verde 1594 "cw", // Curaçao 1595 "cx", // Christmas Island 1596 "cy", // Cyprus 1597 "cz", // Czech Republic 1598 "de", // Germany 1599 "dj", // Djibouti 1600 "dk", // Denmark 1601 "dm", // Dominica 1602 "do", // Dominican Republic 1603 "dz", // Algeria 1604 "ec", // Ecuador 1605 "ee", // Estonia 1606 "eg", // Egypt 1607 "er", // Eritrea 1608 "es", // Spain 1609 "et", // Ethiopia 1610 "eu", // European Union 1611 "fi", // Finland 1612 "fj", // Fiji 1613 "fk", // Falkland Islands 1614 "fm", // Federated States of Micronesia 1615 "fo", // Faroe Islands 1616 "fr", // France 1617 "ga", // Gabon 1618 "gb", // Great Britain (United Kingdom) 1619 "gd", // Grenada 1620 "ge", // Georgia 1621 "gf", // French Guiana 1622 "gg", // Guernsey 1623 "gh", // Ghana 1624 "gi", // Gibraltar 1625 "gl", // Greenland 1626 "gm", // The Gambia 1627 "gn", // Guinea 1628 "gp", // Guadeloupe 1629 "gq", // Equatorial Guinea 1630 "gr", // Greece 1631 "gs", // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 1632 "gt", // Guatemala 1633 "gu", // Guam 1634 "gw", // Guinea-Bissau 1635 "gy", // Guyana 1636 "hk", // Hong Kong 1637 "hm", // Heard Island and McDonald Islands 1638 "hn", // Honduras 1639 "hr", // Croatia (Hrvatska) 1640 "ht", // Haiti 1641 "hu", // Hungary 1642 "id", // Indonesia 1643 "ie", // Ireland (Éire) 1644 "il", // Israel 1645 "im", // Isle of Man 1646 "in", // India 1647 "io", // British Indian Ocean Territory 1648 "iq", // Iraq 1649 "ir", // Iran 1650 "is", // Iceland 1651 "it", // Italy 1652 "je", // Jersey 1653 "jm", // Jamaica 1654 "jo", // Jordan 1655 "jp", // Japan 1656 "ke", // Kenya 1657 "kg", // Kyrgyzstan 1658 "kh", // Cambodia (Khmer) 1659 "ki", // Kiribati 1660 "km", // Comoros 1661 "kn", // Saint Kitts and Nevis 1662 "kp", // North Korea 1663 "kr", // South Korea 1664 "kw", // Kuwait 1665 "ky", // Cayman Islands 1666 "kz", // Kazakhstan 1667 "la", // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles) 1668 "lb", // Lebanon 1669 "lc", // Saint Lucia 1670 "li", // Liechtenstein 1671 "lk", // Sri Lanka 1672 "lr", // Liberia 1673 "ls", // Lesotho 1674 "lt", // Lithuania 1675 "lu", // Luxembourg 1676 "lv", // Latvia 1677 "ly", // Libya 1678 "ma", // Morocco 1679 "mc", // Monaco 1680 "md", // Moldova 1681 "me", // Montenegro 1682 "mg", // Madagascar 1683 "mh", // Marshall Islands 1684 "mk", // Republic of Macedonia 1685 "ml", // Mali 1686 "mm", // Myanmar 1687 "mn", // Mongolia 1688 "mo", // Macau 1689 "mp", // Northern Mariana Islands 1690 "mq", // Martinique 1691 "mr", // Mauritania 1692 "ms", // Montserrat 1693 "mt", // Malta 1694 "mu", // Mauritius 1695 "mv", // Maldives 1696 "mw", // Malawi 1697 "mx", // Mexico 1698 "my", // Malaysia 1699 "mz", // Mozambique 1700 "na", // Namibia 1701 "nc", // New Caledonia 1702 "ne", // Niger 1703 "nf", // Norfolk Island 1704 "ng", // Nigeria 1705 "ni", // Nicaragua 1706 "nl", // Netherlands 1707 "no", // Norway 1708 "np", // Nepal 1709 "nr", // Nauru 1710 "nu", // Niue 1711 "nz", // New Zealand 1712 "om", // Oman 1713 "pa", // Panama 1714 "pe", // Peru 1715 "pf", // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island 1716 "pg", // Papua New Guinea 1717 "ph", // Philippines 1718 "pk", // Pakistan 1719 "pl", // Poland 1720 "pm", // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon 1721 "pn", // Pitcairn Islands 1722 "pr", // Puerto Rico 1723 "ps", // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip) 1724 "pt", // Portugal 1725 "pw", // Palau 1726 "py", // Paraguay 1727 "qa", // Qatar 1728 "re", // Réunion 1729 "ro", // Romania 1730 "rs", // Serbia 1731 "ru", // Russia 1732 "rw", // Rwanda 1733 "sa", // Saudi Arabia 1734 "sb", // Solomon Islands 1735 "sc", // Seychelles 1736 "sd", // Sudan 1737 "se", // Sweden 1738 "sg", // Singapore 1739 "sh", // Saint Helena 1740 "si", // Slovenia 1741 "sj", // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no) 1742 "sk", // Slovakia 1743 "sl", // Sierra Leone 1744 "sm", // San Marino 1745 "sn", // Senegal 1746 "so", // Somalia 1747 "sr", // Suriname 1748 "st", // São Tomé and Príncipe 1749 "su", // Soviet Union (deprecated) 1750 "sv", // El Salvador 1751 "sx", // Sint Maarten 1752 "sy", // Syria 1753 "sz", // Swaziland 1754 "tc", // Turks and Caicos Islands 1755 "td", // Chad 1756 "tf", // French Southern and Antarctic Lands 1757 "tg", // Togo 1758 "th", // Thailand 1759 "tj", // Tajikistan 1760 "tk", // Tokelau 1761 "tl", // East Timor (deprecated old code) 1762 "tm", // Turkmenistan 1763 "tn", // Tunisia 1764 "to", // Tonga 1765 //"tp", // East Timor (Retired) 1766 "tr", // Turkey 1767 "tt", // Trinidad and Tobago 1768 "tv", // Tuvalu 1769 "tw", // Taiwan, Republic of China 1770 "tz", // Tanzania 1771 "ua", // Ukraine 1772 "ug", // Uganda 1773 "uk", // United Kingdom 1774 "us", // United States of America 1775 "uy", // Uruguay 1776 "uz", // Uzbekistan 1777 "va", // Vatican City State 1778 "vc", // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1779 "ve", // Venezuela 1780 "vg", // British Virgin Islands 1781 "vi", // U.S. Virgin Islands 1782 "vn", // Vietnam 1783 "vu", // Vanuatu 1784 "wf", // Wallis and Futuna 1785 "ws", // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa) 1786 "xn--3e0b707e", // 한국 KISA (Korea Internet & Security Agency) 1787 "xn--45brj9c", // ভারত National Internet Exchange of India 1788 "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan 1789 "xn--90a3ac", // срб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS) 1790 "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc. 1791 "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிங்கப்பூர் Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd 1792 "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje 1793 "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl 1794 "xn--fiqs8s", // 中国 China Internet Network Information Center 1795 "xn--fiqz9s", // 中國 China Internet Network Information Center 1796 "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // భారత్ National Internet Exchange of India 1797 "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංකා LK Domain Registry 1798 "xn--gecrj9c", // ભારત National Internet Exchange of India 1799 "xn--h2brj9c", // भारत National Internet Exchange of India 1800 "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc. 1801 "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd. 1802 "xn--kprw13d", // 台湾 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC) 1803 "xn--kpry57d", // 台灣 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC) 1804 "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd 1805 "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST 1806 "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1807 "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) 1808 "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1809 "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC) 1810 "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India 1811 "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT) 1812 "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission 1813 "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society 1814 "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC) 1815 "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad 1816 "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT) 1817 "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC) 1818 "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation 1819 "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS) 1820 "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU 1821 "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d'Internet 1822 "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR 1823 "xn--s9brj9c", // ਭਾਰਤ National Internet Exchange of India 1824 "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA 1825 "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority 1826 "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலங்கை LK Domain Registry 1827 "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இந்தியா National Internet Exchange of India 1828 "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society 1829 "xn--yfro4i67o", // 新加坡 Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd 1830 "xn--ygbi2ammx", // فلسطين Ministry of Telecom & Information Technology (MTIT) 1831 "ye", // Yemen 1832 "yt", // Mayotte 1833 "za", // South Africa 1834 "zm", // Zambia 1835 "zw", // Zimbabwe 1836 }; 1837 1838 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1839 private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = new String[] { 1840 "localdomain", // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain 1841 "localhost", // RFC2606 defined 1842 }; 1843 1844 // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones. 1845 // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys 1846 1847 /* 1848 * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called. 1849 * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called. 1850 * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from 1851 * synchronized methods. 1852 */ 1853 private static boolean inUse; 1854 1855 /* 1856 * These arrays are mutable, but they don't need to be volatile. 1857 * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and any readers must get an instance 1858 * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronised. 1859 */ 1860 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1861 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1862 1863 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1864 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1865 1866 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1867 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1868 1869 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1870 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1871 1872 /** 1873 * enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])} 1874 * to determine which override array to update / fetch 1875 * @since 1.5.0 1876 * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references 1877 */ 1878 public enum ArrayType { 1879 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional generic TLDs */ 1880 GENERIC_PLUS, 1881 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */ 1882 GENERIC_MINUS, 1883 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional country code TLDs */ 1884 COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS, 1885 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */ 1886 COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS, 1887 /** Get a copy of the generic TLDS table */ 1888 GENERIC_RO, 1889 /** Get a copy of the country code table */ 1890 COUNTRY_CODE_RO, 1891 /** Get a copy of the infrastructure table */ 1892 INFRASTRUCTURE_RO, 1893 /** Get a copy of the local table */ 1894 LOCAL_RO 1895 } 1896 1897 // For use by unit test code only 1898 static synchronized void clearTLDOverrides() { 1899 inUse = false; 1900 countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1901 countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1902 genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1903 genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1904 } 1905 1906 /** 1907 * Update one of the TLD override arrays. 1908 * This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance. 1909 * <p> 1910 * For example: 1911 * <p> 1912 * <code>DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, new String[]{"apache"})}</code> 1913 * <p> 1914 * To clear an override array, provide an empty array. 1915 * 1916 * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType} 1917 * Must be one of the following 1918 * <ul> 1919 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li> 1920 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li> 1921 * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li> 1922 * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li> 1923 * </ul> 1924 * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null 1925 * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance 1926 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested 1927 * @since 1.5.0 1928 */ 1929 public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(ArrayType table, String... tlds) { 1930 if (inUse) { 1931 throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance"); 1932 } 1933 String[] copy = new String[tlds.length]; 1934 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries 1935 for (int i = 0; i < tlds.length; i++) { 1936 copy[i] = tlds[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH); 1937 } 1938 Arrays.sort(copy); 1939 switch(table) { 1940 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 1941 countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy; 1942 break; 1943 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 1944 countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy; 1945 break; 1946 case GENERIC_MINUS: 1947 genericTLDsMinus = copy; 1948 break; 1949 case GENERIC_PLUS: 1950 genericTLDsPlus = copy; 1951 break; 1952 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO: 1953 case GENERIC_RO: 1954 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO: 1955 case LOCAL_RO: 1956 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table); 1957 default: 1958 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table); 1959 } 1960 } 1961 1962 /** 1963 * Get a copy of the internal array. 1964 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values) 1965 * @return a copy of the array 1966 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen) 1967 * @since 1.5.1 1968 */ 1969 public static String[] getTLDEntries(ArrayType table) { 1970 final String[] array; 1971 switch(table) { 1972 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 1973 array = countryCodeTLDsMinus; 1974 break; 1975 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 1976 array = countryCodeTLDsPlus; 1977 break; 1978 case GENERIC_MINUS: 1979 array = genericTLDsMinus; 1980 break; 1981 case GENERIC_PLUS: 1982 array = genericTLDsPlus; 1983 break; 1984 case GENERIC_RO: 1985 array = GENERIC_TLDS; 1986 break; 1987 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO: 1988 array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS; 1989 break; 1990 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO: 1991 array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS; 1992 break; 1993 case LOCAL_RO: 1994 array = LOCAL_TLDS; 1995 break; 1996 default: 1997 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table); 1998 } 1999 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array 2000 } 2001 2002 /** 2003 * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode. 2004 * If conversion fails, returns the original input. 2005 * 2006 * @param input the string to convert, not null 2007 * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails 2008 */ 2009 // Needed by UrlValidator 2010 public static String unicodeToASCII(String input) { 2011 if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing 2012 return input; 2013 } 2014 try { 2015 final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input); 2016 if (IdnBugHolder.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) { 2017 return ascii; 2018 } 2019 final int length = input.length(); 2020 if (length == 0) { // check there is a last character 2021 return input; 2022 } 2023 // RFC3490 3.1. 1) 2024 // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following 2025 // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002 2026 // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61 2027 // (halfwidth ideographic full stop). 2028 char lastChar = input.charAt(length-1); // fetch original last char 2029 switch(lastChar) { 2030 case '\u002E': // "." full stop 2031 case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop 2032 case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop 2033 case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop 2034 return ascii + '.'; // restore the missing stop 2035 default: 2036 return ascii; 2037 } 2038 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid 2039 Logging.trace(e); 2040 return input; 2041 } 2042 } 2043 2044 private static class IdnBugHolder { 2045 private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() { 2046 final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name 2047 return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input)); 2048 } 2049 2050 private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot(); 2051 } 2052 2053 /* 2054 * Check if input contains only ASCII 2055 * Treats null as all ASCII 2056 */ 2057 private static boolean isOnlyASCII(String input) { 2058 if (input == null) { 2059 return true; 2060 } 2061 for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) { 2062 if (input.charAt(i) > 0x7F) { // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber 2063 return false; 2064 } 2065 } 2066 return true; 2067 } 2068 2069 /** 2070 * Check if a sorted array contains the specified key 2071 * 2072 * @param sortedArray the array to search 2073 * @param key the key to find 2074 * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key 2075 */ 2076 private static boolean arrayContains(String[] sortedArray, String key) { 2077 return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0; 2078 } 2079}