001/* 002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 003 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with 004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. 005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with 007 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 008 * 009 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 010 * 011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 015 * limitations under the License. 016 */ 017package org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.routines; 018 019import java.net.IDN; 020import java.util.Arrays; 021import java.util.Locale; 022 023/** 024 * <p><b>Domain name</b> validation routines.</p> 025 * 026 * <p> 027 * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names 028 * and top-level domains. 029 * </p> 030 * 031 * <p>Domain names are evaluated according 032 * to the standards <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>, 033 * section 3, and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>, 034 * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of 035 * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example, 036 * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the 037 * same name would have passed. 038 * </p> 039 * 040 * <p> 041 * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and 042 * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA): 043 * </p> 044 * 045 * <ul> 046 * <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs 047 * (<code>.arpa</code>, etc.)</li> 048 * <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs 049 * (<code>.com, .org</code>, etc.)</li> 050 * <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs 051 * (<code>.us, .uk, .cn</code>, etc.)</li> 052 * </ul> 053 * 054 * <p> 055 * (<b>NOTE</b>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or 056 * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see 057 * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.) 058 * </p> 059 * 060 * @version $Revision: 1725571 $ 061 * @since Validator 1.4 062 */ 063public final class DomainValidator extends AbstractValidator { 064 065 private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253; 066 067 private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0]; 068 069 // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123) 070 071 // RFC2396: domainlabel = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum 072 // Max 63 characters 073 private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?"; 074 075 // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum 076 // Max 63 characters 077 private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?"; 078 079 // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ] 080 // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas 081 // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present. 082 // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex) 083 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit 084 private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX = 085 "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+" + "(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$"; 086 087 private final boolean allowLocal; 088 089 /** 090 * Singleton instance of this validator, which 091 * doesn't consider local addresses as valid. 092 */ 093 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false); 094 095 /** 096 * Singleton instance of this validator, which does 097 * consider local addresses valid. 098 */ 099 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true); 100 101 /** 102 * RegexValidator for matching domains. 103 */ 104 private final RegexValidator domainRegex = 105 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX); 106 /** 107 * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname 108 */ 109 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit 110 private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex = 111 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX); 112 113 /** 114 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator. It 115 * will not consider local addresses as valid. 116 * @return the singleton instance of this validator 117 */ 118 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() { 119 inUse = true; 120 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR; 121 } 122 123 /** 124 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator, 125 * with local validation as required. 126 * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid? 127 * @return the singleton instance of this validator 128 */ 129 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(boolean allowLocal) { 130 inUse = true; 131 if (allowLocal) { 132 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL; 133 } 134 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR; 135 } 136 137 /** 138 * Private constructor. 139 * @param allowLocal whether to allow local domains 140 */ 141 private DomainValidator(boolean allowLocal) { 142 this.allowLocal = allowLocal; 143 } 144 145 /** 146 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> parses 147 * as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain. 148 * The parsing is case-insensitive. 149 * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax 150 * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name 151 */ 152 @Override 153 public boolean isValid(String domain) { 154 if (domain == null) { 155 return false; 156 } 157 domain = unicodeToASCII(domain); 158 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode 159 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode 160 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII 161 // checks in the regexes below 162 if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) { 163 return false; 164 } 165 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain); 166 if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) { 167 return isValidTld(groups[0]); 168 } 169 return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(domain); 170 } 171 172 @Override 173 public String getValidatorName() { 174 return null; 175 } 176 177 // package protected for unit test access 178 // must agree with isValid() above 179 boolean isValidDomainSyntax(String domain) { 180 if (domain == null) { 181 return false; 182 } 183 domain = unicodeToASCII(domain); 184 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode 185 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode 186 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII 187 // checks in the regexes below 188 if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) { 189 return false; 190 } 191 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain); 192 return (groups != null && groups.length > 0) 193 || hostnameRegex.isValid(domain); 194 } 195 196 /** 197 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 198 * IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present. 199 * The search is case-insensitive. 200 * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null 201 * @return true if the parameter is a TLD 202 */ 203 public boolean isValidTld(String tld) { 204 tld = unicodeToASCII(tld); 205 if (allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(tld)) { 206 return true; 207 } 208 return isValidInfrastructureTld(tld) 209 || isValidGenericTld(tld) 210 || isValidCountryCodeTld(tld); 211 } 212 213 /** 214 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 215 * IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are 216 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 217 * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null 218 * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD 219 */ 220 public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(String iTld) { 221 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 222 return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key); 223 } 224 225 /** 226 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 227 * IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored 228 * if present. The search is case-insensitive. 229 * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null 230 * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD 231 */ 232 public boolean isValidGenericTld(String gTld) { 233 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 234 return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(genericTLDsPlus, key)) 235 && !arrayContains(genericTLDsMinus, key); 236 } 237 238 /** 239 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 240 * IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are 241 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 242 * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null 243 * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD 244 */ 245 public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(String ccTld) { 246 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 247 return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsPlus, key)) 248 && !arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsMinus, key); 249 } 250 251 /** 252 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any 253 * widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are 254 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive. 255 * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null 256 * @return true if the parameter is an local TLD 257 */ 258 public boolean isValidLocalTld(String lTld) { 259 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH)); 260 return arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key); 261 } 262 263 private static String chompLeadingDot(String str) { 264 if (str.startsWith(".")) { 265 return str.substring(1); 266 } 267 return str; 268 } 269 270 // --------------------------------------------- 271 // ----- TLDs defined by IANA 272 // ----- Authoritative and comprehensive list at: 273 // ----- http://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt 274 275 // Note that the above list is in UPPER case. 276 // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below) 277 278 // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db 279 // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in 280 // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column 281 // For example (as of 2015-01-02): 282 // .bl country-code Not assigned 283 // .um country-code Not assigned 284 285 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 286 private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = new String[] { 287 "arpa", // internet infrastructure 288 }; 289 290 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 291 private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = new String[] { 292 // Taken from Version 2016060300, Last Updated Fri Jun 3 07:07:01 2016 UTC 293 "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc. 294 "aarp", // aarp AARP 295 "abb", // abb ABB Ltd 296 "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc. 297 "abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc. 298 "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 299 "abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre 300 "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC 301 "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc 302 "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited 303 "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC 304 "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG 305 "active", // active The Active Network, Inc 306 "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd. 307 "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC) 308 "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc. 309 "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC 310 "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux 311 "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA) 312 "aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company 313 "afl", // afl Australian Football League 314 "agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 315 "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC 316 "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc. 317 "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd. 318 "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited 319 "akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 320 "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited 321 "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited 322 "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft 323 "ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc. 324 "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE 325 "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company 326 "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam 327 "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC 328 "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc. 329 "anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 330 "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC 331 "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc. 332 "apple", // apple Apple Inc. 333 "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com 334 "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company 335 "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED 336 "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd. 337 "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E. 338 "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd. 339 "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC 340 "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd 341 "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd. 342 "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft 343 "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp. 344 "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 345 "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp. 346 "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC 347 "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca 348 "aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 349 "axa", // axa AXA SA 350 "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation 351 "baby", // baby Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. 352 "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc. 353 "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd 354 "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC 355 "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable 356 "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona 357 "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC 358 "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC 359 "barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc. 360 "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC 361 "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH 362 "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH 363 "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation 364 "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A. 365 "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc. 366 "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona 367 "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC 368 "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 369 "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited 370 "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH & Co. KG 371 "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd 372 "bet", // bet Afilias plc 373 "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited 374 "bible", // bible American Bible Society 375 "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited 376 "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC 377 "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation 378 "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC 379 "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED 380 "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc. 381 "black", // black Afilias Limited 382 "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp. 383 "blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC 384 "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC 385 "blue", // blue Afilias Limited 386 "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company 387 "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft 388 "bnl", // bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro 389 "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas 390 "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC 391 "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH 392 "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br 393 "bond", // bond Bond University Limited 394 "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc. 395 "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 396 "boots", // boots THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC 397 "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH 398 "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA 399 "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 400 "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC 401 "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A. 402 "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation 403 "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc. 404 "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD 405 "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd. 406 "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw 407 "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 408 "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA 409 "build", // build Plan Bee LLC 410 "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC 411 "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC 412 "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC 413 "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO. 414 "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh 415 "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC 416 "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC 417 "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc. 418 "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 419 "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC 420 "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC 421 "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation 422 "canon", // canon Canon Inc. 423 "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 424 "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC 425 "car", // car Cars Registry Limited 426 "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc. 427 "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC 428 "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC 429 "career", // career dotCareer LLC 430 "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC 431 "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp. 432 "cartier", // cartier Richemont DNS Inc. 433 "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 434 "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC 435 "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC 436 "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT 437 "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC 438 "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 439 "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc. 440 "ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company 441 "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC 442 "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd 443 "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research ("CERN") 444 "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute 445 "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD 446 "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V. 447 "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc. 448 "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase & Co. 449 "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC 450 "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC 451 "chloe", // chloe Richemont DNS Inc. 452 "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp. 453 "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc. 454 "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC 455 "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl 456 "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 457 "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc. 458 "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation 459 "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC 460 "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 461 "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC 462 "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC 463 "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp. 464 "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC 465 "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 466 "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC 467 "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A. 468 "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC 469 "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A. 470 "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC 471 "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC 472 "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC 473 "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC 474 "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH 475 "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services 476 "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 477 "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC 478 "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC 479 "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd 480 "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC 481 "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc. 482 "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC 483 "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC 484 "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD. 485 "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 486 "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC 487 "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 488 "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC 489 "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC 490 "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse 491 "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 492 "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 493 "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC 494 "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 495 "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC 496 "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC 497 "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC 498 "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited 499 "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation 500 "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited 501 "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC 502 "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc. 503 "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S. 504 "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK 505 "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. 506 "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited 507 "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc. 508 "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd. 509 "date", // date dot Date Limited 510 "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC 511 "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 512 "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc. 513 "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc. 514 "dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited 515 "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc. 516 "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC 517 "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd 518 "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC 519 "dell", // dell Dell Inc. 520 "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu 521 "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc. 522 "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd. 523 "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC 524 "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd 525 "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC 526 "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC 527 "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc. 528 "dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG 529 "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC 530 "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp. 531 "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC 532 "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC 533 "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC 534 "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC 535 "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. 536 "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc. 537 "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC 538 "doha", // doha Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA) 539 "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC 540 "dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation 541 "download", // download dot Support Limited 542 "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc. 543 "dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation 544 "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department 545 "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 546 "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 547 "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd. 548 "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc. 549 "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V. 550 "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE 551 "education", // education Brice Way, LLC 552 "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC 553 "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA 554 "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC 555 "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd. 556 "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon 557 "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC 558 "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation 559 "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC 560 "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG 561 "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc. 562 "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC 563 "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU) 564 "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa 565 "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC 566 "everbank", // everbank EverBank 567 "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC 568 "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC 569 "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC 570 "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC 571 "extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC 572 "fage", // fage Fage International S.A. 573 "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC 574 "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC 575 "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited 576 "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd. 577 "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd 578 "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited 579 "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC 580 "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 581 "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 582 "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 583 "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 584 "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd 585 "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br 586 "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC 587 "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC 588 "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation 589 "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited 590 "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC 591 "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 592 "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited 593 "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC 594 "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. 595 "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC 596 "flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc. 597 "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC 598 "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp. 599 "flsmidth", // flsmidth FLSmidth A/S 600 "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc. 601 "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc. 602 "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC 603 "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company 604 "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD 605 "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC 606 "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC 607 "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC 608 "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC 609 "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH 610 "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V. 611 "frogans", // frogans OP3FT 612 "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation 613 "ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation 614 "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC 615 "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC 616 "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd. 617 "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC 618 "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL 619 "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC 620 "gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc. 621 "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc. 622 "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp. 623 "games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd. 624 "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 625 "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc. 626 "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems" 627 "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft 628 "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA 629 "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd. 630 "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc. 631 "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp. 632 "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC 633 "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd. 634 "giving", // giving Giving Limited 635 "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC 636 "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc. 637 "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited 638 "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A 639 "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc. 640 "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC 641 "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc. 642 "gmx", // gmx 1&1 Mail & Media GmbH 643 "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC 644 "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. 645 "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC 646 "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc. 647 "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc. 648 "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc. 649 "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc. 650 "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 651 "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration) 652 "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC 653 "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC 654 "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC 655 "green", // green Afilias Limited 656 "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC 657 "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC 658 "guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America 659 "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a. 660 "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc. 661 "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC 662 "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp. 663 "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC 664 "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH 665 "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc. 666 "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD. 667 "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited 668 "health", // health DotHealth, LLC 669 "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC 670 "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp. 671 "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki 672 "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc. 673 "hermes", // hermes Hermes International 674 "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp. 675 "hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc. 676 "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd. 677 "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V. 678 "hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited 679 "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC 680 "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC 681 "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC 682 "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc. 683 "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC 684 "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd. 685 "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 686 "host", // host DotHost Inc. 687 "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp. 688 "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL 689 "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation 690 "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC 691 "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc. 692 "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC 693 "htc", // htc HTC corporation 694 "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company 695 "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation 696 "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 697 "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc. 698 "icu", // icu One.com A/S 699 "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh 700 "iinet", // iinet Connect West Pty. Ltd. 701 "imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 702 "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC 703 "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd. 704 "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC 705 "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 706 "info", // info Afilias Limited 707 "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc. 708 "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC 709 "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC 710 "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC 711 "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC 712 "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 713 "international", // international Wild Way, LLC 714 "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC 715 "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A. 716 "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC 717 "iselect", // iselect iSelect Ltd 718 "ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) 719 "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality 720 "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S. 721 "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A. 722 "iwc", // iwc Richemont DNS Inc. 723 "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd 724 "java", // java Oracle Corporation 725 "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd. 726 "jcp", // jcp JCP Media, Inc. 727 "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB 728 "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC 729 "jlc", // jlc Richemont DNS Inc. 730 "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated 731 "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC 732 "jnj", // jnj Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. 733 "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC 734 "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry 735 "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 736 "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 737 "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase & Co. 738 "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd. 739 "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp. 740 "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd. 741 "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION 742 "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited 743 "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited 744 "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited 745 "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House 746 "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION 747 "kim", // kim Afilias Limited 748 "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 749 "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC 750 "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED 751 "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH 752 "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd. 753 "kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft) 754 "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V. 755 "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology 756 "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd 757 "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited 758 "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen 759 "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D'ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA 760 "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. 761 "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 762 "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER 763 "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC 764 "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd 765 "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation 766 "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated 767 "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico 768 "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University 769 "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited 770 "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd 771 "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC 772 "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC 773 "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc 774 "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC 775 "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 776 "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited 777 "liaison", // liaison Liaison Technologies, Incorporated 778 "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG 779 "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC 780 "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers 781 "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 782 "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC 783 "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 784 "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC 785 "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC 786 "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company 787 "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft 788 "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp. 789 "lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd 790 "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd. 791 "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 792 "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation 793 "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited 794 "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC 795 "locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation 796 "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC 797 "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp. 798 "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited 799 "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd. 800 "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited 801 "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP 802 "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC 803 "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp. 804 "lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED 805 "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 806 "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC 807 "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid 808 "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF) 809 "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC 810 "makeup", // makeup L'Oréal 811 "man", // man MAN SE 812 "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC 813 "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L. 814 "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd 815 "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC 816 "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD 817 "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation 818 "mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc. 819 "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC 820 "med", // med Medistry LLC 821 "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC 822 "meet", // meet Afilias Limited 823 "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria 824 "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc. 825 "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC 826 "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited 827 "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC 828 "meo", // meo PT Comunicacoes S.A. 829 "metlife", // metlife MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC 830 "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 831 "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation 832 "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center 833 "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft 834 "mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC 835 "mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association 836 "mma", // mma MMA IARD 837 "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi 838 "mobily", // mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L. 839 "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd. 840 "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd. 841 "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 842 "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp. 843 "monash", // monash Monash University 844 "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC 845 "montblanc", // montblanc Richemont DNS Inc. 846 "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC ("Applicant") 847 "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd 848 "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) 849 "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC 850 "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc. 851 "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC 852 "movistar", // movistar Telefónica S.A. 853 "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited 854 "mtpc", // mtpc Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation 855 "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited 856 "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association 857 "mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC 858 "mutuelle", // mutuelle Fédération Nationale de la Mutualité Française 859 "nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc 860 "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc. 861 "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc. 862 "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A. 863 "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd. 864 "nec", // nec NEC Corporation 865 "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services 866 "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA 867 "netflix", // netflix Netflix, Inc. 868 "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC 869 "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc. 870 "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc. 871 "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd. 872 "next", // next Next plc 873 "nextdirect", // nextdirect Next plc 874 "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc. 875 "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry 876 "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) 877 "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd. 878 "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION 879 "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd. 880 "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 881 "nissay", // nissay Nippon Life Insurance Company 882 "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation 883 "northwesternmutual", // northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC 884 "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation 885 "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 886 "nowtv", // nowtv Starbucks (HK) Limited 887 "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC. 888 "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH 889 "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION 890 "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology & Telecommunications 891 "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA 892 "office", // office Microsoft Corporation 893 "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc. 894 "olayan", // olayan Crescent Holding GmbH 895 "olayangroup", // olayangroup Crescent Holding GmbH 896 "ollo", // ollo Dish DBS Corporation 897 "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd 898 "one", // one One.com A/S 899 "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry 900 "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland 901 "online", // online DotOnline Inc. 902 "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED 903 "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation 904 "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited 905 "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR) 906 "organic", // organic Afilias Limited 907 "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. 908 "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd. 909 "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd. 910 "ott", // ott Dish DBS Corporation 911 "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS 912 "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc. 913 "pamperedchef", // pamperedchef The Pampered Chef, Ltd. 914 "panerai", // panerai Richemont DNS Inc. 915 "paris", // paris City of Paris 916 "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 917 "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC 918 "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC 919 "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited 920 "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL 921 "pccw", // pccw PCCW Enterprises Limited 922 "pet", // pet Afilias plc 923 "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy 924 "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V. 925 "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp. 926 "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC 927 "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC 928 "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd 929 "piaget", // piaget Richemont DNS Inc. 930 "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp. 931 "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A. 932 "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC 933 "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc. 934 "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 935 "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc. 936 "pink", // pink Afilias Limited 937 "pioneer", // pioneer Pioneer Corporation 938 "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC 939 "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC 940 "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc. 941 "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. 942 "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC 943 "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC 944 "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 945 "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited 946 "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC 947 "post", // post Universal Postal Union 948 "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A. 949 "press", // press DotPress Inc. 950 "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro 951 "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc. 952 "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC 953 "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc. 954 "progressive", // progressive Progressive Casualty Insurance Company 955 "promo", // promo Afilias plc 956 "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC 957 "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp. 958 "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC 959 "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd. 960 "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 961 "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc. 962 "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc 963 "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited 964 "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited 965 "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 966 "realestate", // realestate dotRealEstate LLC 967 "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC 968 "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC 969 "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC 970 "red", // red Afilias Limited 971 "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd. 972 "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC 973 "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd. 974 "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC 975 "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC 976 "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc. 977 "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd. 978 "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC 979 "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC 980 "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC 981 "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC 982 "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd. 983 "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable 984 "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC 985 "review", // review dot Review Limited 986 "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd. 987 "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH 988 "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland 989 "richardli", // richardli Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited 990 "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd. 991 "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO 992 "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd. 993 "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. 994 "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD. 995 "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 996 "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 997 "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc. 998 "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH & Co. KG 999 "run", // run Snow Park, LLC 1000 "rwe", // rwe RWE AG 1001 "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc. 1002 "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH 1003 "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1004 "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC. 1005 "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc. 1006 "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1007 "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC 1008 "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD 1009 "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB 1010 "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB 1011 "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi 1012 "sap", // sap SAP AG 1013 "sapo", // sapo PT Comunicacoes S.A. 1014 "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC 1015 "sas", // sas Research IP LLC 1016 "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S 1017 "sbi", // sbi STATE BANK OF INDIA 1018 "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION 1019 "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ) 1020 "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited ("SCB") 1021 "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG 1022 "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S. 1023 "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC 1024 "school", // school Little Galley, LLC 1025 "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC 1026 "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG 1027 "science", // science dot Science Limited 1028 "scor", // scor SCOR SE 1029 "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited 1030 "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal) 1031 "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC 1032 "seek", // seek Seek Limited 1033 "select", // select iSelect Ltd 1034 "sener", // sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A. 1035 "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC 1036 "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd 1037 "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co KG 1038 "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC 1039 "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp. 1040 "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR 1041 "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation 1042 "shaw", // shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P. 1043 "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc 1044 "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1045 "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited 1046 "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC 1047 "shop", // shop GMO Registry, Inc. 1048 "shouji", // shouji QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1049 "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC 1050 "shriram", // shriram Shriram Capital Ltd. 1051 "sina", // sina Sina Corporation 1052 "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC 1053 "site", // site DotSite Inc. 1054 "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED 1055 "skin", // skin L'Oréal 1056 "sky", // sky Sky International AG 1057 "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation 1058 "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1059 "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais) 1060 "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC 1061 "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1062 "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp. 1063 "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1064 "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited 1065 "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC 1066 "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC 1067 "song", // song Amazon EU S.à r.l. 1068 "sony", // sony Sony Corporation 1069 "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1070 "space", // space DotSpace Inc. 1071 "spiegel", // spiegel SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG 1072 "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1073 "spreadbetting", // spreadbetting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD 1074 "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp. 1075 "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG 1076 "star", // star Star India Private Limited 1077 "starhub", // starhub StarHub Limited 1078 "statebank", // statebank STATE BANK OF INDIA 1079 "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company 1080 "statoil", // statoil Statoil ASA 1081 "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company 1082 "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company 1083 "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun 1084 "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC 1085 "store", // store DotStore Inc. 1086 "stream", // stream dot Stream Limited 1087 "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd. 1088 "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD 1089 "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC 1090 "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd. 1091 "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC 1092 "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC 1093 "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC 1094 "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1095 "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC 1096 "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION 1097 "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd 1098 "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation 1099 "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet 1100 "symantec", // symantec Symantec Corporation 1101 "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC 1102 "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited 1103 "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government 1104 "talk", // talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1105 "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited 1106 "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd 1107 "tatar", // tatar Limited Liability Company "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic" 1108 "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp. 1109 "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC 1110 "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC 1111 "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1112 "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC 1113 "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC 1114 "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC 1115 "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd. 1116 "telecity", // telecity TelecityGroup International Limited 1117 "telefonica", // telefonica Telefónica S.A. 1118 "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited 1119 "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC 1120 "teva", // teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited 1121 "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc. 1122 "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC 1123 "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC 1124 "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited 1125 "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC 1126 "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company 1127 "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC 1128 "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC 1129 "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH 1130 "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited 1131 "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC 1132 "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc. 1133 "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC 1134 "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science & Technology Co.,Ltd. 1135 "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc. 1136 "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation 1137 "total", // total Total SA 1138 "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC 1139 "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC 1140 "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION 1141 "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC 1142 "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited 1143 "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD 1144 "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC 1145 "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC. 1146 "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC 1147 "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC 1148 "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc 1149 "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC 1150 "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC 1151 "tui", // tui TUI AG 1152 "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1153 "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1154 "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR & SONS PRIVATE LIMITED 1155 "ubs", // ubs UBS AG 1156 "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited 1157 "university", // university Little Station, LLC 1158 "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC 1159 "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA. 1160 "ups", // ups UPS Market Driver, Inc. 1161 "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC 1162 "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. 1163 "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc. 1164 "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC 1165 "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc. 1166 "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH 1167 "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1168 "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC 1169 "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd 1170 "vig", // vig VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe 1171 "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. 1172 "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC 1173 "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC 1174 "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited 1175 "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited 1176 "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC 1177 "vista", // vista Vistaprint Limited 1178 "vistaprint", // vistaprint Vistaprint Limited 1179 "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company 1180 "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw 1181 "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1182 "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc. 1183 "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC 1184 "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp. 1185 "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC 1186 "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC 1187 "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL 1188 "wales", // wales Nominet UK 1189 "walter", // walter Sandvik AB 1190 "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited 1191 "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1192 "warman", // warman Weir Group IP Limited 1193 "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC 1194 "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc. 1195 "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC 1196 "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC 1197 "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited 1198 "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA 1199 "website", // website DotWebsite Inc. 1200 "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc. 1201 "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1202 "weibo", // weibo Sina Corporation 1203 "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited 1204 "whoswho", // whoswho Who's Who Registry 1205 "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH 1206 "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC 1207 "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited 1208 "win", // win First Registry Limited 1209 "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation 1210 "wine", // wine June Station, LLC 1211 "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC 1212 "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V. 1213 "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1214 "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC 1215 "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC 1216 "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc. 1217 "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC 1218 "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation 1219 "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC 1220 "xihuan", // xihuan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1221 "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited 1222 "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl 1223 "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1224 "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. 1225 "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited 1226 "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited 1227 "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED 1228 "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl 1229 "xn--42c2d9a", // คอม VeriSign Sarl 1230 "xn--45q11c", // 八卦 Zodiac Scorpio Limited 1231 "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment 1232 "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center 1233 "xn--55qx5d", // 公司 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center) 1234 "xn--5tzm5g", // 网站 Global Website TLD Asia Limited 1235 "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited 1236 "xn--6qq986b3xl", // 我爱你 Tycoon Treasure Limited 1237 "xn--80adxhks", // москва Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) 1238 "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association 1239 "xn--80aswg", // сайт CORE Association 1240 "xn--8y0a063a", // 联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited 1241 "xn--9dbq2a", // קום VeriSign Sarl 1242 "xn--9et52u", // 时尚 RISE VICTORY LIMITED 1243 "xn--9krt00a", // 微博 Sina Corporation 1244 "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited 1245 "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1246 "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry 1247 "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl 1248 "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1249 "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD 1250 "xn--czr694b", // 商标 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED 1251 "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC 1252 "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited 1253 "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet” 1254 "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ポイント Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1255 "xn--efvy88h", // 新闻 Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch 新华通讯社广东分社 1256 "xn--estv75g", // 工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 1257 "xn--fct429k", // 家電 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1258 "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl 1259 "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 中文网 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED 1260 "xn--fiq64b", // 中信 CITIC Group Corporation 1261 "xn--fjq720a", // 娱乐 Will Bloom, LLC 1262 "xn--flw351e", // 谷歌 Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1263 "xn--fzys8d69uvgm", // 電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited 1264 "xn--g2xx48c", // 购物 Minds + Machines Group Limited 1265 "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1266 "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited 1267 "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry 1268 "xn--imr513n", // 餐厅 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED 1269 "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center) 1270 "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl 1271 "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation 1272 "xn--jvr189m", // 食品 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1273 "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V. 1274 "xn--kpu716f", // 手表 Richemont DNS Inc. 1275 "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd 1276 "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company 1277 "xn--mgba7c0bbn0a", // العليان Crescent Holding GmbH 1278 "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association 1279 "xn--mgbb9fbpob", // موبايلي GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L. 1280 "xn--mgbca7dzdo", // ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre 1281 "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. 1282 "xn--mk1bu44c", // 닷컴 VeriSign Sarl 1283 "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd. 1284 "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd. 1285 "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House 1286 "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry 1287 "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry 1288 "xn--nyqy26a", // 健康 Stable Tone Limited 1289 "xn--p1acf", // рус Rusnames Limited 1290 "xn--pbt977c", // 珠宝 Richemont DNS Inc. 1291 "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl 1292 "xn--q9jyb4c", // みんな Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1293 "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1294 "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited 1295 "xn--rovu88b", // 書籍 Amazon EU S.à r.l. 1296 "xn--ses554g", // 网址 KNET Co., Ltd 1297 "xn--t60b56a", // 닷넷 VeriSign Sarl 1298 "xn--tckwe", // コム VeriSign Sarl 1299 "xn--unup4y", // 游戏 Spring Fields, LLC 1300 "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1301 "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG 1302 "xn--vhquv", // 企业 Dash McCook, LLC 1303 "xn--vuq861b", // 信息 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd. 1304 "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited 1305 "xn--w4rs40l", // 嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited 1306 "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. 1307 "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center 1308 "xperia", // xperia Sony Mobile Communications AB 1309 "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC 1310 "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC 1311 "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC 1312 "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc. 1313 "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1314 "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC 1315 "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. 1316 "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited 1317 "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc. 1318 "you", // you Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1319 "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1320 "yun", // yun QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 1321 "zappos", // zappos Amazon Registry Service, Inc. 1322 "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.) 1323 "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc. 1324 "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc. 1325 "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC 1326 "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich) 1327 }; 1328 1329 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1330 private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = new String[] { 1331 "ac", // Ascension Island 1332 "ad", // Andorra 1333 "ae", // United Arab Emirates 1334 "af", // Afghanistan 1335 "ag", // Antigua and Barbuda 1336 "ai", // Anguilla 1337 "al", // Albania 1338 "am", // Armenia 1339 //"an", // Netherlands Antilles (retired) 1340 "ao", // Angola 1341 "aq", // Antarctica 1342 "ar", // Argentina 1343 "as", // American Samoa 1344 "at", // Austria 1345 "au", // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands) 1346 "aw", // Aruba 1347 "ax", // Åland 1348 "az", // Azerbaijan 1349 "ba", // Bosnia and Herzegovina 1350 "bb", // Barbados 1351 "bd", // Bangladesh 1352 "be", // Belgium 1353 "bf", // Burkina Faso 1354 "bg", // Bulgaria 1355 "bh", // Bahrain 1356 "bi", // Burundi 1357 "bj", // Benin 1358 "bm", // Bermuda 1359 "bn", // Brunei Darussalam 1360 "bo", // Bolivia 1361 "br", // Brazil 1362 "bs", // Bahamas 1363 "bt", // Bhutan 1364 "bv", // Bouvet Island 1365 "bw", // Botswana 1366 "by", // Belarus 1367 "bz", // Belize 1368 "ca", // Canada 1369 "cc", // Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1370 "cd", // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) 1371 "cf", // Central African Republic 1372 "cg", // Republic of the Congo 1373 "ch", // Switzerland 1374 "ci", // Côte d'Ivoire 1375 "ck", // Cook Islands 1376 "cl", // Chile 1377 "cm", // Cameroon 1378 "cn", // China, mainland 1379 "co", // Colombia 1380 "cr", // Costa Rica 1381 "cu", // Cuba 1382 "cv", // Cape Verde 1383 "cw", // Curaçao 1384 "cx", // Christmas Island 1385 "cy", // Cyprus 1386 "cz", // Czech Republic 1387 "de", // Germany 1388 "dj", // Djibouti 1389 "dk", // Denmark 1390 "dm", // Dominica 1391 "do", // Dominican Republic 1392 "dz", // Algeria 1393 "ec", // Ecuador 1394 "ee", // Estonia 1395 "eg", // Egypt 1396 "er", // Eritrea 1397 "es", // Spain 1398 "et", // Ethiopia 1399 "eu", // European Union 1400 "fi", // Finland 1401 "fj", // Fiji 1402 "fk", // Falkland Islands 1403 "fm", // Federated States of Micronesia 1404 "fo", // Faroe Islands 1405 "fr", // France 1406 "ga", // Gabon 1407 "gb", // Great Britain (United Kingdom) 1408 "gd", // Grenada 1409 "ge", // Georgia 1410 "gf", // French Guiana 1411 "gg", // Guernsey 1412 "gh", // Ghana 1413 "gi", // Gibraltar 1414 "gl", // Greenland 1415 "gm", // The Gambia 1416 "gn", // Guinea 1417 "gp", // Guadeloupe 1418 "gq", // Equatorial Guinea 1419 "gr", // Greece 1420 "gs", // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 1421 "gt", // Guatemala 1422 "gu", // Guam 1423 "gw", // Guinea-Bissau 1424 "gy", // Guyana 1425 "hk", // Hong Kong 1426 "hm", // Heard Island and McDonald Islands 1427 "hn", // Honduras 1428 "hr", // Croatia (Hrvatska) 1429 "ht", // Haiti 1430 "hu", // Hungary 1431 "id", // Indonesia 1432 "ie", // Ireland (Éire) 1433 "il", // Israel 1434 "im", // Isle of Man 1435 "in", // India 1436 "io", // British Indian Ocean Territory 1437 "iq", // Iraq 1438 "ir", // Iran 1439 "is", // Iceland 1440 "it", // Italy 1441 "je", // Jersey 1442 "jm", // Jamaica 1443 "jo", // Jordan 1444 "jp", // Japan 1445 "ke", // Kenya 1446 "kg", // Kyrgyzstan 1447 "kh", // Cambodia (Khmer) 1448 "ki", // Kiribati 1449 "km", // Comoros 1450 "kn", // Saint Kitts and Nevis 1451 "kp", // North Korea 1452 "kr", // South Korea 1453 "kw", // Kuwait 1454 "ky", // Cayman Islands 1455 "kz", // Kazakhstan 1456 "la", // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles) 1457 "lb", // Lebanon 1458 "lc", // Saint Lucia 1459 "li", // Liechtenstein 1460 "lk", // Sri Lanka 1461 "lr", // Liberia 1462 "ls", // Lesotho 1463 "lt", // Lithuania 1464 "lu", // Luxembourg 1465 "lv", // Latvia 1466 "ly", // Libya 1467 "ma", // Morocco 1468 "mc", // Monaco 1469 "md", // Moldova 1470 "me", // Montenegro 1471 "mg", // Madagascar 1472 "mh", // Marshall Islands 1473 "mk", // Republic of Macedonia 1474 "ml", // Mali 1475 "mm", // Myanmar 1476 "mn", // Mongolia 1477 "mo", // Macau 1478 "mp", // Northern Mariana Islands 1479 "mq", // Martinique 1480 "mr", // Mauritania 1481 "ms", // Montserrat 1482 "mt", // Malta 1483 "mu", // Mauritius 1484 "mv", // Maldives 1485 "mw", // Malawi 1486 "mx", // Mexico 1487 "my", // Malaysia 1488 "mz", // Mozambique 1489 "na", // Namibia 1490 "nc", // New Caledonia 1491 "ne", // Niger 1492 "nf", // Norfolk Island 1493 "ng", // Nigeria 1494 "ni", // Nicaragua 1495 "nl", // Netherlands 1496 "no", // Norway 1497 "np", // Nepal 1498 "nr", // Nauru 1499 "nu", // Niue 1500 "nz", // New Zealand 1501 "om", // Oman 1502 "pa", // Panama 1503 "pe", // Peru 1504 "pf", // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island 1505 "pg", // Papua New Guinea 1506 "ph", // Philippines 1507 "pk", // Pakistan 1508 "pl", // Poland 1509 "pm", // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon 1510 "pn", // Pitcairn Islands 1511 "pr", // Puerto Rico 1512 "ps", // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip) 1513 "pt", // Portugal 1514 "pw", // Palau 1515 "py", // Paraguay 1516 "qa", // Qatar 1517 "re", // Réunion 1518 "ro", // Romania 1519 "rs", // Serbia 1520 "ru", // Russia 1521 "rw", // Rwanda 1522 "sa", // Saudi Arabia 1523 "sb", // Solomon Islands 1524 "sc", // Seychelles 1525 "sd", // Sudan 1526 "se", // Sweden 1527 "sg", // Singapore 1528 "sh", // Saint Helena 1529 "si", // Slovenia 1530 "sj", // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no) 1531 "sk", // Slovakia 1532 "sl", // Sierra Leone 1533 "sm", // San Marino 1534 "sn", // Senegal 1535 "so", // Somalia 1536 "sr", // Suriname 1537 "st", // São Tomé and Príncipe 1538 "su", // Soviet Union (deprecated) 1539 "sv", // El Salvador 1540 "sx", // Sint Maarten 1541 "sy", // Syria 1542 "sz", // Swaziland 1543 "tc", // Turks and Caicos Islands 1544 "td", // Chad 1545 "tf", // French Southern and Antarctic Lands 1546 "tg", // Togo 1547 "th", // Thailand 1548 "tj", // Tajikistan 1549 "tk", // Tokelau 1550 "tl", // East Timor (deprecated old code) 1551 "tm", // Turkmenistan 1552 "tn", // Tunisia 1553 "to", // Tonga 1554 //"tp", // East Timor (Retired) 1555 "tr", // Turkey 1556 "tt", // Trinidad and Tobago 1557 "tv", // Tuvalu 1558 "tw", // Taiwan, Republic of China 1559 "tz", // Tanzania 1560 "ua", // Ukraine 1561 "ug", // Uganda 1562 "uk", // United Kingdom 1563 "us", // United States of America 1564 "uy", // Uruguay 1565 "uz", // Uzbekistan 1566 "va", // Vatican City State 1567 "vc", // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1568 "ve", // Venezuela 1569 "vg", // British Virgin Islands 1570 "vi", // U.S. Virgin Islands 1571 "vn", // Vietnam 1572 "vu", // Vanuatu 1573 "wf", // Wallis and Futuna 1574 "ws", // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa) 1575 "xn--3e0b707e", // 한국 KISA (Korea Internet & Security Agency) 1576 "xn--45brj9c", // ভারত National Internet Exchange of India 1577 "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan 1578 "xn--90a3ac", // срб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS) 1579 "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc. 1580 "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிங்கப்பூர் Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd 1581 "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje 1582 "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl 1583 "xn--fiqs8s", // 中国 China Internet Network Information Center 1584 "xn--fiqz9s", // 中國 China Internet Network Information Center 1585 "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // భారత్ National Internet Exchange of India 1586 "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංකා LK Domain Registry 1587 "xn--gecrj9c", // ભારત National Internet Exchange of India 1588 "xn--h2brj9c", // भारत National Internet Exchange of India 1589 "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc. 1590 "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd. 1591 "xn--kprw13d", // 台湾 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC) 1592 "xn--kpry57d", // 台灣 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC) 1593 "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd 1594 "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST 1595 "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1596 "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) 1597 "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) 1598 "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC) 1599 "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India 1600 "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT) 1601 "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission 1602 "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society 1603 "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC) 1604 "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad 1605 "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT) 1606 "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC) 1607 "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation 1608 "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS) 1609 "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU 1610 "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d'Internet 1611 "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR 1612 "xn--s9brj9c", // ਭਾਰਤ National Internet Exchange of India 1613 "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA 1614 "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority 1615 "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலங்கை LK Domain Registry 1616 "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இந்தியா National Internet Exchange of India 1617 "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society 1618 "xn--yfro4i67o", // 新加坡 Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd 1619 "xn--ygbi2ammx", // فلسطين Ministry of Telecom & Information Technology (MTIT) 1620 "ye", // Yemen 1621 "yt", // Mayotte 1622 "za", // South Africa 1623 "zm", // Zambia 1624 "zw", // Zimbabwe 1625 }; 1626 1627 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1628 private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = new String[] { 1629 "localdomain", // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain 1630 "localhost", // RFC2606 defined 1631 }; 1632 1633 // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones. 1634 // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys 1635 1636 /* 1637 * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called. 1638 * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called. 1639 * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from 1640 * synchronized methods. 1641 */ 1642 private static boolean inUse; 1643 1644 /* 1645 * These arrays are mutable, but they don't need to be volatile. 1646 * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and any readers must get an instance 1647 * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronised. 1648 */ 1649 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1650 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1651 1652 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1653 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1654 1655 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1656 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1657 1658 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search 1659 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1660 1661 /** 1662 * enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])} 1663 * to determine which override array to update / fetch 1664 * @since 1.5.0 1665 * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references 1666 */ 1667 public enum ArrayType { 1668 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal generic TLDs */ 1669 GENERIC_PLUS, 1670 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */ 1671 GENERIC_MINUS, 1672 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal country code TLDs */ 1673 COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS, 1674 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */ 1675 COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS, 1676 /** Get a copy of the generic TLDS table */ 1677 GENERIC_RO, 1678 /** Get a copy of the country code table */ 1679 COUNTRY_CODE_RO, 1680 /** Get a copy of the infrastructure table */ 1681 INFRASTRUCTURE_RO, 1682 /** Get a copy of the local table */ 1683 LOCAL_RO 1684 } 1685 1686 // For use by unit test code only 1687 static synchronized void clearTLDOverrides() { 1688 inUse = false; 1689 countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1690 countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1691 genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1692 genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY; 1693 } 1694 1695 /** 1696 * Update one of the TLD override arrays. 1697 * This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance. 1698 * <p> 1699 * For example: 1700 * <p> 1701 * <code>DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, new String[]{"apache"})}</code> 1702 * <p> 1703 * To clear an override array, provide an empty array. 1704 * 1705 * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType} 1706 * Must be one of the following 1707 * <ul> 1708 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li> 1709 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li> 1710 * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li> 1711 * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li> 1712 * </ul> 1713 * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null 1714 * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance 1715 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested 1716 * @since 1.5.0 1717 */ 1718 public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(ArrayType table, String[] tlds) { 1719 if (inUse) { 1720 throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance"); 1721 } 1722 String[] copy = new String[tlds.length]; 1723 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries 1724 for (int i = 0; i < tlds.length; i++) { 1725 copy[i] = tlds[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH); 1726 } 1727 Arrays.sort(copy); 1728 switch(table) { 1729 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 1730 countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy; 1731 break; 1732 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 1733 countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy; 1734 break; 1735 case GENERIC_MINUS: 1736 genericTLDsMinus = copy; 1737 break; 1738 case GENERIC_PLUS: 1739 genericTLDsPlus = copy; 1740 break; 1741 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO: 1742 case GENERIC_RO: 1743 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO: 1744 case LOCAL_RO: 1745 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table); 1746 default: 1747 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table); 1748 } 1749 } 1750 1751 /** 1752 * Get a copy of the internal array. 1753 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values) 1754 * @return a copy of the array 1755 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen) 1756 * @since 1.5.1 1757 */ 1758 public static String[] getTLDEntries(ArrayType table) { 1759 final String[] array; 1760 switch(table) { 1761 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: 1762 array = countryCodeTLDsMinus; 1763 break; 1764 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: 1765 array = countryCodeTLDsPlus; 1766 break; 1767 case GENERIC_MINUS: 1768 array = genericTLDsMinus; 1769 break; 1770 case GENERIC_PLUS: 1771 array = genericTLDsPlus; 1772 break; 1773 case GENERIC_RO: 1774 array = GENERIC_TLDS; 1775 break; 1776 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO: 1777 array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS; 1778 break; 1779 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO: 1780 array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS; 1781 break; 1782 case LOCAL_RO: 1783 array = LOCAL_TLDS; 1784 break; 1785 default: 1786 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table); 1787 } 1788 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array 1789 } 1790 1791 /** 1792 * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode. 1793 * If conversion fails, returns the original input. 1794 * 1795 * @param input the string to convert, not null 1796 * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails 1797 */ 1798 // Needed by UrlValidator 1799 static String unicodeToASCII(String input) { 1800 if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing 1801 return input; 1802 } 1803 try { 1804 final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input); 1805 if (IDNBUGHOLDER.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) { 1806 return ascii; 1807 } 1808 final int length = input.length(); 1809 if (length == 0) { // check there is a last character 1810 return input; 1811 } 1812 // RFC3490 3.1. 1) 1813 // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following 1814 // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002 1815 // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61 1816 // (halfwidth ideographic full stop). 1817 char lastChar = input.charAt(length-1); // fetch original last char 1818 switch(lastChar) { 1819 case '\u002E': // "." full stop 1820 case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop 1821 case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop 1822 case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop 1823 return ascii + '.'; // restore the missing stop 1824 default: 1825 return ascii; 1826 } 1827 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid 1828 return input; 1829 } 1830 } 1831 1832 private static class IDNBUGHOLDER { 1833 private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() { 1834 final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name 1835 return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input)); 1836 } 1837 1838 private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot(); 1839 } 1840 1841 /* 1842 * Check if input contains only ASCII 1843 * Treats null as all ASCII 1844 */ 1845 private static boolean isOnlyASCII(String input) { 1846 if (input == null) { 1847 return true; 1848 } 1849 for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) { 1850 if (input.charAt(i) > 0x7F) { // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber 1851 return false; 1852 } 1853 } 1854 return true; 1855 } 1856 1857 /** 1858 * Check if a sorted array contains the specified key 1859 * 1860 * @param sortedArray the array to search 1861 * @param key the key to find 1862 * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key 1863 */ 1864 private static boolean arrayContains(String[] sortedArray, String key) { 1865 return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0; 1866 } 1867}