install.packages {utils} | R Documentation |
Download and install packages from CRAN-like repositories or from local files.
install.packages(pkgs, lib, repos = getOption("repos"), contriburl = contrib.url(repos, type), method, available = NULL, destdir = NULL, dependencies = NA, type = getOption("pkgType"), configure.args = getOption("configure.args"), configure.vars = getOption("configure.vars"), clean = FALSE, Ncpus = getOption("Ncpus"), ...)
pkgs |
character vector of the short names of packages whose
current versions should be downloaded from the repositories.
If If this is a zero-length character vector, a listbox of available packages is presented where possible. |
lib |
character vector giving the library directories where to
install the packages. Recycled as needed. If missing, defaults to
the first element of .libPaths() .
|
repos |
character vector, the base URL(s) of the repositories
to use, i.e., the URL of the CRAN master such as
"http://cran.r-project.org" or its Statlib mirror,
"http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/R/CRAN" .
Can be |
contriburl |
URL(s) of the contrib sections of the repositories. Use this
argument only if your repository mirror is incomplete, e.g., because
you burned only the ‘contrib’ section on a CD. Overrides
argument repos . As with repos , can also be NULL
to install from local files.
|
method |
download method, see download.file .
|
available |
an object as returned by available.packages
listing packages available at the repositories, or NULL which
makes an internal call to available.packages .
|
destdir |
directory where downloaded packages are stored. If it is
NULL (the default) a directory
downloaded_packages of the session temporary
directory will be used (and the files will be deleted
at the end of the session).
|
dependencies |
logical indicating to also install uninstalled
packages on which these packages depend/suggest/import
(and so on recursively). Not used if repos = NULL .
Can also be a character vector, a subset of
c("Depends", "Imports", "LinkingTo", "Suggests", "Enhances") .
Only supported if
The default, |
type |
character, indicating the type of package to download and
install.
Possible values are
The default is the appropriate binary type on 32-bit Windows and on
the CRAN binary Mac OS X distribution, otherwise |
configure.args |
(not used on Windows) a character vector or a named list. If a
character vector with no names is supplied, the elements are
concatenated into a single string (separated by a space) and used as
the value for the --configure-args flag in the call to
R CMD INSTALL . If the character vector has names these
are assumed to identify values for --configure-args for
individual packages. This allows one to specify settings for an
entire collection of packages which will be used if any of those
packages are to be installed. (These settings can therefore be
re-used and act as default settings.)
A named list can be used also to the same effect, and that allows multi-element character strings for each package which are concatenated to a single string to be used as the value for --configure-args. |
configure.vars |
(not used on Windows) analogous, for --configure-vars which
is used to set environment variables for the configure
run.
|
clean |
a logical value indicating whether to specify
to add the --clean flag to the call to
R CMD INSTALL .
This is sometimes used to perform additional operations at the end
of the package installation in addition to removing intermediate files.
|
Ncpus |
The number of parallel processes to use for a parallel
install of source packages. Values greater than one are supported
only if GNU make is in use (more precisely, if
make -j Ncpus works). Defaults to 1 if the
option is unset.
|
... |
Arguments to be passed to download.file .
|
R packages are primarily distributed as source packages, but
binary packages (a packaging up of the installed package) are
also available, and the type most commonly used by Windows and users
of the Mac OS X GUI R.app
. install.packages
can install
either type, either by downloading a file from a repository or from a
local file. The default type is given by
getOption("pkgType")
: this "source"
apart from
under Windows or a CRAN binary distribution for Mac OS X.
install.packages
is used to install packages. It takes
a vector of names and a destination library, downloads the packages
from the repositories and installs them. (If the library is omitted
it defaults to the first directory in .libPaths()
, with a
warning if there is more than one.) If lib
is omitted or is of
length one and is not a (group) writable directory, the code offers
to create a personal library tree (the first element of
Sys.getenv("R_LIBS_USER")
) and install there.
For source packages from a repository is used an attempt is made to
install the packages in an order that respects their dependencies.
This does assume that all the entries in lib
are on the default
library path for installs (set by R_LIBS).
You are advised to run update.packages
before
install.packages
to ensure that any already installed
dependencies have their latest versions.
Invisible NULL
.
Some binary distributions of R have INSTALL
in a separate
bundle, e.g. an R-devel
RPM. install.packages
will
give an error if called with type = "source"
on such a system.
Some binary distributions can be installed on a machine without the tools needed to install packages: the remedy is to do a complete install of R which should bring in all those tools as dependencies.
update.packages
,
available.packages
,
download.packages
,
installed.packages
,
contrib.url
.
See download.file
for how to handle proxies and
other options to monitor file transfers.
INSTALL
, REMOVE
, remove.packages
,
library
, .packages
, read.dcf
The ‘R Installation and Administration’ manual for how to set up a repository.
## Not run: install.packages( c("XML_0.99-5.tar.gz", "../../Interfaces/Perl/RSPerl_0.8-0.tar.gz"), repos = NULL, configure.args = c(XML = '--with-xml-config=xml-config', RSPerl = "--with-modules='IO Fcntl'")) ## End(Not run)