#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include "../include/asoundlib.h"
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <math.h>
char *device = "plughw:0,0";
snd_pcm_format_t format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16;
unsigned int rate = 44100;
unsigned int channels = 1;
unsigned int buffer_time = 500000;
unsigned int period_time = 100000;
double freq = 440;
int verbose = 0;
snd_pcm_sframes_t buffer_size;
snd_pcm_sframes_t period_size;
snd_output_t *output = NULL;
static void generate_sine(const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas,
snd_pcm_uframes_t offset,
int count, double *_phase)
{
static double max_phase = 2. * M_PI;
double phase = *_phase;
double step = max_phase*freq/(double)rate;
double res;
signed short *samples[channels];
int steps[channels];
int chn, ires;
for (chn = 0; chn < channels; chn++) {
if ((areas[chn].first % 8) != 0) {
printf("areas[%i].first == %i, aborting...\n", chn, areas[chn].first);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
samples[chn] = (signed short *)(((unsigned char *)areas[chn].addr) + (areas[chn].first / 8));
if ((areas[chn].step % 16) != 0) {
printf("areas[%i].step == %i, aborting...\n", chn, areas[chn].step);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
steps[chn] = areas[chn].step / 16;
samples[chn] += offset * steps[chn];
}
while (count-- > 0) {
res = sin(phase) * 32767;
ires = res;
for (chn = 0; chn < channels; chn++) {
*samples[chn] = ires;
samples[chn] += steps[chn];
}
phase += step;
if (phase >= max_phase)
phase -= max_phase;
}
*_phase = phase;
}
static int set_hwparams(snd_pcm_t *handle,
snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params,
snd_pcm_access_t access)
{
unsigned int rrate;
int err, dir;
err = snd_pcm_hw_params_any(handle, params);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Broken configuration for playback: no configurations available: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
return err;
}
err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access(handle, params, access);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Access type not available for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
return err;
}
err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(handle, params, format);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Sample format not available for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
return err;
}
err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(handle, params, channels);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Channels count (%i) not available for playbacks: %s\n", channels, snd_strerror(err));
return err;
}
rrate = rate;
err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near(handle, params, &rrate, 0);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Rate %iHz not available for playback: %s\n", rate, snd_strerror(err));
return err;
}
if (rrate != rate) {
printf("Rate doesn't match (requested %iHz, get %iHz)\n", rate, err);
return -EINVAL;
}
err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_time_near(handle, params, &buffer_time, &dir);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Unable to set buffer time %i for playback: %s\n", buffer_time, snd_strerror(err));
return err;
}
err = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size(params, &buffer_size);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Unable to get buffer size for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
return err;
}
err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_time_near(handle, params, &period_time, &dir);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Unable to set period time %i for playback: %s\n", period_time, snd_strerror(err));
return err;
}
err = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size(params, &period_size, &dir);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Unable to get period size for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
return err;
}
err = snd_pcm_hw_params(handle, params);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Unable to set hw params for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
return err;
}
return 0;
}
static int set_swparams(snd_pcm_t *handle, snd_pcm_sw_params_t *swparams)
{
int err;
err = snd_pcm_sw_params_current(handle, swparams);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Unable to determine current swparams for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
return err;
}
err = snd_pcm_sw_params_set_start_threshold(handle, swparams, (buffer_size / period_size) * period_size);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Unable to set start threshold mode for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
return err;
}
err = snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min(handle, swparams, period_size);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Unable to set avail min for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
return err;
}
err = snd_pcm_sw_params_set_xfer_align(handle, swparams, 1);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Unable to set transfer align for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
return err;
}
err = snd_pcm_sw_params(handle, swparams);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Unable to set sw params for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
return err;
}
return 0;
}
static int xrun_recovery(snd_pcm_t *handle, int err)
{
if (err == -EPIPE) {
err = snd_pcm_prepare(handle);
if (err < 0)
printf("Can't recovery from underrun, prepare failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
return 0;
} else if (err == -ESTRPIPE) {
while ((err = snd_pcm_resume(handle)) == -EAGAIN)
sleep(1);
if (err < 0) {
err = snd_pcm_prepare(handle);
if (err < 0)
printf("Can't recovery from suspend, prepare failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
}
return 0;
}
return err;
}
static int write_loop(snd_pcm_t *handle,
signed short *samples,
snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas)
{
double phase = 0;
signed short *ptr;
int err, cptr;
while (1) {
generate_sine(areas, 0, period_size, &phase);
ptr = samples;
cptr = period_size;
while (cptr > 0) {
err = snd_pcm_writei(handle, ptr, cptr);
if (err == -EAGAIN)
continue;
if (err < 0) {
if (xrun_recovery(handle, err) < 0) {
printf("Write error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
break;
}
ptr += err * channels;
cptr -= err;
}
}
}
static int wait_for_poll(snd_pcm_t *handle, struct pollfd *ufds, unsigned int count)
{
unsigned short revents;
while (1) {
poll(ufds, count, -1);
snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_revents(handle, ufds, count, &revents);
if (revents & POLLERR)
return -EIO;
if (revents & POLLOUT)
return 0;
}
}
static int write_and_poll_loop(snd_pcm_t *handle,
signed short *samples,
snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas)
{
struct pollfd *ufds;
double phase = 0;
signed short *ptr;
int err, count, cptr, init;
count = snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_count (handle);
if (count <= 0) {
printf("Invalid poll descriptors count\n");
return count;
}
ufds = malloc(sizeof(struct pollfd) * count);
if (ufds == NULL) {
printf("No enough memory\n");
return err;;
}
if ((err = snd_pcm_poll_descriptors(handle, ufds, count)) < 0) {
printf("Unable to obtain poll descriptors for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
return err;
}
init = 1;
while (1) {
if (!init) {
err = wait_for_poll(handle, ufds, count);
if (err < 0) {
if (snd_pcm_state(handle) == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN ||
snd_pcm_state(handle) == SND_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED) {
err = snd_pcm_state(handle) == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN ? -EPIPE : -ESTRPIPE;
if (xrun_recovery(handle, err) < 0) {
printf("Write error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
init = 1;
} else {
printf("Wait for poll failed\n");
return err;
}
}
}
generate_sine(areas, 0, period_size, &phase);
ptr = samples;
cptr = period_size;
while (cptr > 0) {
err = snd_pcm_writei(handle, ptr, cptr);
if (err < 0) {
if (xrun_recovery(handle, err) < 0) {
printf("Write error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
init = 1;
break;
}
if (snd_pcm_state(handle) == SND_PCM_STATE_RUNNING)
init = 0;
ptr += err * channels;
cptr -= err;
if (cptr == 0)
break;
err = wait_for_poll(handle, ufds, count);
if (err < 0) {
if (snd_pcm_state(handle) == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN ||
snd_pcm_state(handle) == SND_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED) {
err = snd_pcm_state(handle) == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN ? -EPIPE : -ESTRPIPE;
if (xrun_recovery(handle, err) < 0) {
printf("Write error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
init = 1;
} else {
printf("Wait for poll failed\n");
return err;
}
}
}
}
}
struct async_private_data {
signed short *samples;
snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas;
double phase;
};
static void async_callback(snd_async_handler_t *ahandler)
{
snd_pcm_t *handle = snd_async_handler_get_pcm(ahandler);
struct async_private_data *data = snd_async_handler_get_callback_private(ahandler);
signed short *samples = data->samples;
snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas = data->areas;
snd_pcm_sframes_t avail;
int err;
avail = snd_pcm_avail_update(handle);
while (avail >= period_size) {
generate_sine(areas, 0, period_size, &data->phase);
err = snd_pcm_writei(handle, samples, period_size);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Initial write error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (err != period_size) {
printf("Initial write error: written %i expected %li\n", err, period_size);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
avail = snd_pcm_avail_update(handle);
}
}
static int async_loop(snd_pcm_t *handle,
signed short *samples,
snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas)
{
struct async_private_data data;
snd_async_handler_t *ahandler;
int err, count;
data.samples = samples;
data.areas = areas;
data.phase = 0;
err = snd_async_add_pcm_handler(&ahandler, handle, async_callback, &data);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Unable to register async handler\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (count = 0; count < 2; count++) {
generate_sine(areas, 0, period_size, &data.phase);
err = snd_pcm_writei(handle, samples, period_size);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Initial write error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (err != period_size) {
printf("Initial write error: written %i expected %li\n", err, period_size);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
err = snd_pcm_start(handle);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Start error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
while (1) {
sleep(1);
}
}
static void async_direct_callback(snd_async_handler_t *ahandler)
{
snd_pcm_t *handle = snd_async_handler_get_pcm(ahandler);
struct async_private_data *data = snd_async_handler_get_callback_private(ahandler);
const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *my_areas;
snd_pcm_uframes_t offset, frames, size;
snd_pcm_sframes_t avail, commitres;
snd_pcm_state_t state;
int first = 0, err;
while (1) {
state = snd_pcm_state(handle);
if (state == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN) {
err = xrun_recovery(handle, -EPIPE);
if (err < 0) {
printf("XRUN recovery failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
first = 1;
} else if (state == SND_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED) {
err = xrun_recovery(handle, -ESTRPIPE);
if (err < 0) {
printf("SUSPEND recovery failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
avail = snd_pcm_avail_update(handle);
if (avail < 0) {
err = xrun_recovery(handle, avail);
if (err < 0) {
printf("avail update failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
first = 1;
continue;
}
if (avail < period_size) {
if (first) {
first = 0;
err = snd_pcm_start(handle);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Start error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
} else {
break;
}
continue;
}
size = period_size;
while (size > 0) {
frames = size;
err = snd_pcm_mmap_begin(handle, &my_areas, &offset, &frames);
if (err < 0) {
if ((err = xrun_recovery(handle, err)) < 0) {
printf("MMAP begin avail error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
first = 1;
}
generate_sine(my_areas, offset, frames, &data->phase);
commitres = snd_pcm_mmap_commit(handle, offset, frames);
if (commitres < 0 || commitres != frames) {
if ((err = xrun_recovery(handle, commitres >= 0 ? -EPIPE : commitres)) < 0) {
printf("MMAP commit error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
first = 1;
}
size -= frames;
}
}
}
static int async_direct_loop(snd_pcm_t *handle,
signed short *samples,
snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas)
{
struct async_private_data data;
snd_async_handler_t *ahandler;
const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *my_areas;
snd_pcm_uframes_t offset, frames, size;
snd_pcm_sframes_t commitres;
int err, count;
data.samples = NULL;
data.areas = NULL;
data.phase = 0;
err = snd_async_add_pcm_handler(&ahandler, handle, async_direct_callback, &data);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Unable to register async handler\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (count = 0; count < 2; count++) {
size = period_size;
while (size > 0) {
frames = size;
err = snd_pcm_mmap_begin(handle, &my_areas, &offset, &frames);
if (err < 0) {
if ((err = xrun_recovery(handle, err)) < 0) {
printf("MMAP begin avail error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
generate_sine(my_areas, offset, frames, &data.phase);
commitres = snd_pcm_mmap_commit(handle, offset, frames);
if (commitres < 0 || commitres != frames) {
if ((err = xrun_recovery(handle, commitres >= 0 ? -EPIPE : commitres)) < 0) {
printf("MMAP commit error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
size -= frames;
}
}
err = snd_pcm_start(handle);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Start error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
while (1) {
sleep(1);
}
}
static int direct_loop(snd_pcm_t *handle,
signed short *samples,
snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas)
{
double phase = 0;
const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *my_areas;
snd_pcm_uframes_t offset, frames, size;
snd_pcm_sframes_t avail, commitres;
snd_pcm_state_t state;
int err, first = 1;
while (1) {
state = snd_pcm_state(handle);
if (state == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN) {
err = xrun_recovery(handle, -EPIPE);
if (err < 0) {
printf("XRUN recovery failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
return err;
}
first = 1;
} else if (state == SND_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED) {
err = xrun_recovery(handle, -ESTRPIPE);
if (err < 0) {
printf("SUSPEND recovery failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
return err;
}
}
avail = snd_pcm_avail_update(handle);
if (avail < 0) {
err = xrun_recovery(handle, avail);
if (err < 0) {
printf("avail update failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
return err;
}
first = 1;
continue;
}
if (avail < period_size) {
if (first) {
first = 0;
err = snd_pcm_start(handle);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Start error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
} else {
err = snd_pcm_wait(handle, -1);
if (err < 0) {
if ((err = xrun_recovery(handle, err)) < 0) {
printf("snd_pcm_wait error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
first = 1;
}
}
continue;
}
size = period_size;
while (size > 0) {
frames = size;
err = snd_pcm_mmap_begin(handle, &my_areas, &offset, &frames);
if (err < 0) {
if ((err = xrun_recovery(handle, err)) < 0) {
printf("MMAP begin avail error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
first = 1;
}
generate_sine(my_areas, offset, frames, &phase);
commitres = snd_pcm_mmap_commit(handle, offset, frames);
if (commitres < 0 || commitres != frames) {
if ((err = xrun_recovery(handle, commitres >= 0 ? -EPIPE : commitres)) < 0) {
printf("MMAP commit error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
first = 1;
}
size -= frames;
}
}
}
static int direct_write_loop(snd_pcm_t *handle,
signed short *samples,
snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas)
{
double phase = 0;
signed short *ptr;
int err, cptr;
while (1) {
generate_sine(areas, 0, period_size, &phase);
ptr = samples;
cptr = period_size;
while (cptr > 0) {
err = snd_pcm_mmap_writei(handle, ptr, cptr);
if (err == -EAGAIN)
continue;
if (err < 0) {
if (xrun_recovery(handle, err) < 0) {
printf("Write error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
break;
}
ptr += err * channels;
cptr -= err;
}
}
}
struct transfer_method {
const char *name;
snd_pcm_access_t access;
int (*transfer_loop)(snd_pcm_t *handle,
signed short *samples,
snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas);
};
static struct transfer_method transfer_methods[] = {
{ "write", SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED, write_loop },
{ "write_and_poll", SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED, write_and_poll_loop },
{ "async", SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED, async_loop },
{ "async_direct", SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED, async_direct_loop },
{ "direct_interleaved", SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED, direct_loop },
{ "direct_noninterleaved", SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_NONINTERLEAVED, direct_loop },
{ "direct_write", SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED, direct_write_loop },
{ NULL, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED, NULL }
};
static void help(void)
{
int k;
printf(
"Usage: pcm [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n"
"-h,--help help\n"
"-D,--device playback device\n"
"-r,--rate stream rate in Hz\n"
"-c,--channels count of channels in stream\n"
"-f,--frequency sine wave frequency in Hz\n"
"-b,--buffer ring buffer size in us\n"
"-p,--period period size in us\n"
"-m,--method transfer method\n"
"-v,--verbose show the PCM setup parameters\n"
"\n");
printf("Recognized sample formats are:");
for (k = 0; k < SND_PCM_FORMAT_LAST; ++(unsigned long) k) {
const char *s = snd_pcm_format_name(k);
if (s)
printf(" %s", s);
}
printf("\n");
printf("Recognized transfer methods are:");
for (k = 0; transfer_methods[k].name; k++)
printf(" %s", transfer_methods[k].name);
printf("\n");
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct option long_option[] =
{
{"help", 0, NULL, 'h'},
{"device", 1, NULL, 'D'},
{"rate", 1, NULL, 'r'},
{"channels", 1, NULL, 'c'},
{"frequency", 1, NULL, 'f'},
{"buffer", 1, NULL, 'b'},
{"period", 1, NULL, 'p'},
{"method", 1, NULL, 'm'},
{"verbose", 1, NULL, 'v'},
{NULL, 0, NULL, 0},
};
snd_pcm_t *handle;
int err, morehelp;
snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hwparams;
snd_pcm_sw_params_t *swparams;
int method = 0;
signed short *samples;
int chn;
snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas;
snd_pcm_hw_params_alloca(&hwparams);
snd_pcm_sw_params_alloca(&swparams);
morehelp = 0;
while (1) {
int c;
if ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hD:r:c:f:b:p:m:v", long_option, NULL)) < 0)
break;
switch (c) {
case 'h':
morehelp++;
break;
case 'D':
device = strdup(optarg);
break;
case 'r':
rate = atoi(optarg);
rate = rate < 4000 ? 4000 : rate;
rate = rate > 196000 ? 196000 : rate;
break;
case 'c':
channels = atoi(optarg);
channels = channels < 1 ? 1 : channels;
channels = channels > 1024 ? 1024 : channels;
break;
case 'f':
freq = atoi(optarg);
freq = freq < 50 ? 50 : freq;
freq = freq > 5000 ? 5000 : freq;
break;
case 'b':
buffer_time = atoi(optarg);
buffer_time = buffer_time < 1000 ? 1000 : buffer_time;
buffer_time = buffer_time > 1000000 ? 1000000 : buffer_time;
break;
case 'p':
period_time = atoi(optarg);
period_time = period_time < 1000 ? 1000 : period_time;
period_time = period_time > 1000000 ? 1000000 : period_time;
break;
case 'm':
for (method = 0; transfer_methods[method].name; method++)
if (!strcasecmp(transfer_methods[method].name, optarg))
break;
if (transfer_methods[method].name == NULL)
method = 0;
break;
case 'v':
verbose = 1;
break;
}
}
if (morehelp) {
help();
return 0;
}
err = snd_output_stdio_attach(&output, stdout, 0);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Output failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
return 0;
}
printf("Playback device is %s\n", device);
printf("Stream parameters are %iHz, %s, %i channels\n", rate, snd_pcm_format_name(format), channels);
printf("Sine wave rate is %.4fHz\n", freq);
printf("Using transfer method: %s\n", transfer_methods[method].name);
if ((err = snd_pcm_open(&handle, device, SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, 0)) < 0) {
printf("Playback open error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
return 0;
}
if ((err = set_hwparams(handle, hwparams, transfer_methods[method].access)) < 0) {
printf("Setting of hwparams failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if ((err = set_swparams(handle, swparams)) < 0) {
printf("Setting of swparams failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (verbose > 0)
snd_pcm_dump(handle, output);
samples = malloc((period_size * channels * snd_pcm_format_width(format)) / 8);
if (samples == NULL) {
printf("No enough memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
areas = calloc(channels, sizeof(snd_pcm_channel_area_t));
if (areas == NULL) {
printf("No enough memory\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (chn = 0; chn < channels; chn++) {
areas[chn].addr = samples;
areas[chn].first = chn * 16;
areas[chn].step = channels * 16;
}
err = transfer_methods[method].transfer_loop(handle, samples, areas);
if (err < 0)
printf("Transfer failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
free(areas);
free(samples);
snd_pcm_close(handle);
return 0;
}